Organic Chemistry II

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Organic Chemistry II
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Introduction to Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics
Functional Groups
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Alkenes (unsaturated)
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Alkenes (unsaturated) ethene
C2H4 propene C3H6 butene
C4H8 generally CnH?
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Alkenes (unsaturated) ethene
C2H4 propene C3H6 butene
C4H8 generally CnH2n
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Isomers (C4H8) 1-butene CH2
CH - CH2 - CH3
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Isomers (C4H8) 2-butene CH3 -
CH CH - CH3
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Isomers (C4H8) cyclobutane CH2 - CH2
CH2 - CH2
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H H C C H H Bonding
in Ethene hybrid ?
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H H C C H H
sp2
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H H C C H H
Py
sp2
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H H C C H H
H
H
sp????sp?
sp????s ? - bond
? - bond
H
H
(Py - Py???? - bond
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Alkynes (unsaturated)
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Alkynes (unsaturated) ethyne
C2H2 propyne C3H4 butyne
C4H6 generally CnH?
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Alkynes (unsaturated) ethyne
C2H2 propyne C3H4 butyne
C4H6 generally CnH2n-2
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C2H2 H - C C - H ethyne (acetylene) hybrid ?
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H - C ??C - H
Py
Pz
sp
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H - C ??C - H
(Py - Py) ? - bond
sp???sp
H
H
? - bond
sp - s ? - bond
(Pz - Pz) ? - bond
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aromatics Benzene (C6H6) Derivatives
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Resonance
Kekule Structures
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CH3
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CH3
methyl benzene phenylmethane TOLUENE
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CH3
methyl benzene phenylmethane TOLUENE
NH2
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CH3
methyl benzene phenylmethane TOLUENE amino
benzene phenylamine ANILINE
NH2
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H
H
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H
H
CH3
H
methyl alcohol (methanol)
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CH2CH3
H
ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
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CH2CH2CH3
H
n-propyl alcohol (1-propanol)
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CH CH3 CH3
H
2-propyl alcohol (isopropanol)
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ALCOHOL R - OH
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H
H
CH2CH3
CH3CH2
diethylether
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CH2CH3
CH3
ethylmethylether
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ETHER R - O - R
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carbonyl group
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H
H
methanal FORMALDEHYDE
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H
CH3CH2
propanal
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R
H
an ALDEHYDE
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CH3
CH3
dimethylketone propanone ACETONE
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CH2CH2CH3
CH3
2-pentanone
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CH2CH3
CH3CH2
3-pentanone
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R
R
a KETONE
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H
OH
methanoic acid FORMIC ACID
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CH3
OH
ethanoic acid
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CH3
OH
ethanoic acid ACETIC ACID
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CH2CH2CH3
OH

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CH2CH2CH3
OH
butanoic acid BUTYRIC ACID
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R
OH
a CARBOXYLIC ACID
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H
H
H
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H
H
H
CH2CH3
H
CH3
ethylmethylamine
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R
R
R
an AMINE
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an AMINO ACID