Suffrage and Feminism

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Suffrage and Feminism
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Feminism

• Equal rights
• Personal freedom
• Economic independence
• Emphasis on sameness
• Sexual emancipation

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935)

• Leading feminist intellectual
• Women and Economics, 1898
• Importance of economic independence
• Personal experience
• Cooperative housekeeping
• Communal kitchens, laundries, childcare centers,
  etc.
• Psychological toll of dependence
• Yellow Wallpaper, 1892
• Attack on the rest cure
• Belief in human mutuality and progress
• Theory of evolutionary development

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Emma Goldman (1869-1940)

• Escaped arranged marriage by emigrating to
  America
• Prominent anarchist
• Edited Mother Earth
• Criticized the womans movement as too narrow
• Supported birth control
• Sexual emancipation
• Deported during the Red Scare (1919)

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Red Emma (1893)
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Suffrage movement, 1870s-1890

• Recap Major organizational split
• National Womens Suffrage Association
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton/Susan B. Anthoy
• Supported constitutional amendment
• American Womens Suffrage Association
• State by state approach
• New political realism
• Playing the race card

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The Disenfranchised
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Suffrage Movement, 1890s

• Old leadership dying out
• Stanton dies in 1906 Anthony in 1910
• 1890 NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage
  Association) founded
• Re-united the movement
• Movement is re-energized, but also transformed
• Became more focused, but also more conservative
• Emphasis on how women could clean up politics
• Some state victories
• WY, UT, CO, ID

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Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

• Became head of NAWSA in 1910
• Reached out to WC/immigrant women
• 1900-12 6 more states gave win the vote

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Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

• Head of NAWSA

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Harriot Stanton Blatch (1856-1940)

• Daughter of ECS
• Married a Brit
• Lost citizenship
• Influence of the Brits
• 1907 Blatch returned to US and founded the
  Equality League of Self-Supporting Women
• New, modern political tactics
• Cross-class alliances

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Emmeline Pankhurst
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Anti-suffragist cartoon
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Alice Paul (1885-1977)

• Federal amendment
• Congressional Union (1916)
• Drew younger, more militant group
• Conflict with NAWSA
• Centralized control, demonstrations, pressuring
  the party in power
• Another split 1916 National Womens Party

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World War I

• Prior to the war, many women had supported the
  peace movement
• 1916 Catt helped found the Womens Peace Party
• Many women vocally opposed the war
• Jane Addams
• But Catt and NAWSA reversed course lent support
  to Wilson
• If women supported the war effort, the govt could
  no longer refuse to give them the vote
• NWP continued to denounce Wilson
• Kaiser Wilson widely viewed as treasonous

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