Groups of the Periodic Table

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Groups of the Periodic Table
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Group 1A Alkali Metals

• all have 1 valence electron
• hydrogen is NOT an alkali metal
• it is in group one because it has 1 valence
  electron)

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Alkali Metals

• most REACTIVE of all metals
• they react violently with water so they are
  always a part of a compound in nature

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Alkali Metals

• they are very soft metals
• (sodium cuts like butter)
• they are lustrous, ductile, conductive, and
  malleable

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Group 2A Alkaline Earth Metals

• all have 2 valence electrons
• alkaline earth metals are harder than alkali
  metals

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• they are lustrous, ductile, conductive, and
  malleable
• calcium and magnesium are found in the earths
  crust

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Transition Metals

• they have electrons in the d sublevel
• they are lustrous, ductile, conductive, and
  malleable

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Transition Metals

• their reactivity varies
• gold, silver, and platinum are usually
  un-reactive, but zinc is very reactive

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Group 3A Boron Group

• all have 3 valence electrons
• boron is a metalloid
• the other elements in the boron group are metals

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Group 4A Carbon Group

• all have 4 valence electrons
• carbon is a nonmetal

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The Carbon Group

• Carbon forms thousands of organic compounds
  (which means "made of carbon")
• silicon and germanium are metalloids
• tin and lead are metals

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Group 5A Nitrogen Group

• all have 5 valence electrons
• nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals
• arsenic and antimony are metalloids
• bismuth is a metal

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Group 6A Oxygen Group

• all have 6 valence electrons
• oxygen, sulfur, and selenium are nonmetals
• tellurium and polonium are metalloids
• polonium is also radioactive!

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Group 7A Halogens

• all have 7 valence electrons
• halogens are the most reactive of all nonmetal
  groups

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Group 8A Noble Gases

• have 8 valence electrons
• noble gases are called inert gases because they
  DO NOT react
• they are colorless gases

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Noble Gases

• they are noble because ALL elements want 8
  valence electrons
• All atoms want to have a full octet, which means
  they want 8 valence electrons

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Lanthanide Series

• located at the bottom of the periodic table in
  the first f period
• they are rare earth metals

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Actinide Series

• last period of the periodic table (in the f
  block)
• they are radioactive
• they are synthetic, which means man-made

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The End