Electoral Laws

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Electoral Laws

• and the party systems they make

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UK Paper Ballot
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FL Butterfly Ballot
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Michigan Optical Ballot
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Welsh Constituency Ballot
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Indian Ballot
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Welsh List Ballot
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NZ Ballot
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German Dual Ballot
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Duvergers Law operates at the district level
SMDP 2 party
SMDM Multiparty, few effective parties
PR multiparty
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UK 1945-97
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Charter 88
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Spanish Elections (PR)
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Effective No. Parties
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France V Results
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German Results
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Regional (Sectional) Parties

• USA Dixiecrats
• India Telegu Desam, AIADMK, DMK, Shiv Sena
• UK SNP, Plaid Cymru, Democratic Unionist, Sinn
  Fein
• France Alsace dabord, Union démocratique
  bretonne, Ligue savoisienne, Unione naziunale
• Canada Bloc québécois

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Canada 2004
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Canada - 2000
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Goals

• Stability
• Choice
• Equal weighting of votes
• Legislature should represent actual distribution
  of opinion
• Government should represent actual distribution
  of opinion
• Elected officials ought to have a connection to a
  constituency

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Electoral Disproportionality
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Cabinet Durability
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Instability
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Allocating Seats

• SMDP SMDM are easy!
• Borda count (example of use in Baseball)
• Single Transferable Vote (STV)
• Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV)
• Instant Runoff (IRV)
• DHondt method
• Sainte-Laguë method

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Australian Ballot