Biological Foundations

1
Chapter 2

• Biological Foundations

2
Mechanisms of Heredity

• Chromosomes
• Single-Gene Inheritance
• Phenotypes
• Dominant
• Recessive
• Polygenic Inheritance
• Genotypes

3
Eye Color Chart
4
Studying Twins

• Monozygotic Twins
• Dizygotic Twins

5
Genetic Disorders

• PKU
• Huntingtons Disease

6
From Conception to Birth

• Zygote
• Embryo
• Fetus
• Available alternative Abortion

7
Influences on Prenatal Development

• General Risk Factors
• Parental age
• Maternal nutrition
• Maternal stress

8
Teratogens Drugs, Diseases, Environment

• Drugs
• Alcohol
• Aspirin
• Caffeine
• Nicotine
• Cocaine and Heroin
• Marijuana

9
Diseases

• AIDS
• Cytomegalovirus
• Genital Herpes
• Rubella
• Syphilis

10
Environmental Hazards

• Lead
• Mercury
• PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
• X-Rays

11
Prenatal Diagnosis

• Ultra-Sound
• Amniocentesis
• Chorionic Villus Sampling

12
Childbirth

• Traditional
• Non-Traditional
• Birthing Centers
• Midwives

13
Nutrition

• Breast Feeding
• Bottle Feeding

14
Maturation of the Brain

• Brain Stem
• Medulla
• Cerebellum