Presentazione%20di%20PowerPoint

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La nascita della astronomia dei raggi
cosmici? Indicazioni dall' Osservatorio P. Auger
Aurelio F. Grillo Teramo
8/05/08
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Nuclear (p, He.... Fe) component
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Knee
Ankle
Few/km sq per century
?
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p
Nuclei
p?
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for extragalactic protons
On CMBR photons
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The Auger hybrid concept
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Almost completely operating, now 1 year full
observatory !
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Fluorescence light
Fluorescence Detector FD
Surface Detector SD
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The Auger hybrid concept
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The spectrum most statistically significant
from SD calibrated in energy by hybrid
events - energy systematic error 22 ,
mostly from systematic of the FD detector
(fluorescence yield, atmospheric
transparency....)
Surface Detector SD
Fluorescence Detector FD
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Ultra High Energy CR spectrum ICRC07
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Evidence for GZK cutoff? Likely
fit
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Cosmic Ray astronomy?
If UHECRs origin is astrophysical, astronomy may
be possible above some x 1019 eV if particles
are protons (and IG magnetic fields small)?
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Cosmic Ray astronomy?
If UHECRs origin is astrophysical, astronomy may
be possible above some x 1019 eV if particles
are protons (and IG magnetic fields
small)? Around 1020 eV particles can only
arrive from within 100 Mpc (in case of GZK)
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Cosmic Ray astronomy?
If UHECRs origin is astrophysical, astronomy may
be possible above some x 1019 eV if particles
are protons (and IG magnetic fields
small)? Around 1020 eV particles can only
arrive from within 100 Mpc (in case of GZK)
A statistically significant correlation with
sources in the GZK spere would unambiguously
prove the reality of the cutoff (and give hints
on the nature of sources)?
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The Telescope
- Angular resolution 1 degree - Pointing
Accuracy 1 degree - Charged Messengers gt
deviation in mag. fields
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Exposure of the experiment in Galactic coordinates
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The (Aug. 2007) astronomy analyses 9000
km2 sr yr, trigger efficiency 100
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Search for point sourcesthe motivation

• Small magnetic deflection
• Only nearby sources if GZK feature ok
• Nearby Universe anisotropic

Regular Gal. B field
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Search for point sourcesthe motivation

• Small magnetic deflection
• Only nearby sources if GZK feature ok
• Nearby Universe anisotropic

Regular Gal. B field

• Indication of GZK from spectrum
• Bounds on photons/neutrinos
• Acceleration favoured vs. top-down

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Search for point sourcesthe method

• Need to search correlations of a selected sample
  of events with
• astrophysical objects.... how and where?
• Large parameter space -- events -gt Energy,
  angular aperture
• Sources -gt what sources type, distance
  (z)........

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Search for point sourcesthe method

• Need to search correlations of a selected sample
  of events with
• astrophysical objects.... how and where?
• Large parameter space -- events -gt Energy,
  angular aperture
• Sources -gt what sources type, distance
  (z)........
• Method perform a scan in the parameters space,
  after having
• chosen sources of a given type from a
  catalogue
• Chosen Veron-Cetty, Veron Catalogue of AGNs

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Search for point sourcesthe method
Some definitions p -- exposure-weighted
fraction of the sky accessible to observation,
covered by windows of radius ? centred on
the selected sources. P -- probability that k
or more out of a total of N events from
isotropic flux are correlated by
chance with the selected objects at the chosen
angular scale this probability needs
'penalization' i.e. Pfin P/Nt (from MC)?
zlt0.018
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Search for point sourcesthe strategy

• Performed an exploratory scan. Eth gt 4 1019 eV
• 
  z lt 0.024
• Of 15 events with Eth gt 5.7 1019 eV,
• 12 correlated within with AGNs
  with zlt0.019, while 3.2
• expected with these parameters

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Search for point sourcesthe strategy

• Performed an exploratory scan. Eth gt 4 1019 eV
• 
  z lt 0.024
• Of 15 events with Eth gt 5.7 1019 eV,
• 12 correlated within with AGNs
  with zlt0.018, while 3.2
• expected with these parameters
• Further search performed with these a priori
  fixed parameters, ending
• when the probability to incorrectly reject
  hisotropy hypotesis lt 1
• Search started May 2006, ended May 2007 when 6/8
  events found
• correlating.
• In sample May 2006 Aug 2007 8/13 correlating
  P 1.7 10-3

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Search for point sourcesthe strategy

• Rescan whole dataset with improved reconstr.
  algorithm to fix parameters.
• 20 out of 27 events correlated
• (a posteriori) Pfin(iso)10-5

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Equatorial coordinates
SuperGalactic plane
Galactic plane
South pole
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• PAO events

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• AGNs from VC-V catalogue (zlt0.018)?

• PAO events

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• Virgo

• AGNs from VC-V catalogue

• CenA

• PAO events

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• Virgo

• AGNs from VC-V catalogue

• CenA

• PAO events

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• Virgo

• AGNs from VC-V catalogue

• CenA

• PAO events

If region of Galactic plane excluded, 19 out of
21 events do correlate
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• Virgo

• AGNs from VC-V catalogue

• CenA

• PAO events

Leiden Argentine Bonn Hydrogen Survey
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Both for real events and simulated sets of same
size, either isotropic or source
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• CenA

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
AGNs sources or tracers??
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
AGNs sources or tracers??
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
AGNs sources or tracers?? No significant
correlation (yet) with Abell,REFLEX, NORAS
catalogues of clusters of galaxies, nor
starburst radio galaxies
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
AGNs sources or tracers?? No significant
correlation (yet) with Abell,REFLEX, NORAS
catalogues of clusters of galaxies, nor
starburst radio galaxies
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
AGNs sources or tracers?? No significant
correlation (yet) with Abell,REFLEX, NORAS
catalogues of clusters of galaxies, nor
starburst radio galaxies
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• CenA

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
The GZK horizon
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
The GZK horizon
Indication of the need of energy shift? Too
early, exclude other selection effects
(foreground, bias of method..)?
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Magnetic fields
Extragalactic (irregular)?
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Magnetic fields
Extragalactic (irregular)?
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Birth of (nuclear) Cosmic Ray Astronomy?

• Possibly
• Some open issues
• -- Statistic 27 events Egt 5.7 1019 eV. One more
  year of data will double N.

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Birth of (nuclear) Cosmic Ray Astronomy?

• Possibly
• Some open issues
• -- Statistic 27 events Egt 5.7 1019 eV. One more
  year of data will double N.
• -- Energy at 5.7 1019 eV GZK Horizon 200 Mp gt
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• upward shift of energy calibration
  consistent with sistematic
• error can reconcile

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Birth of (nuclear) Cosmic Ray Astronomy?

• Possibly
• Some open issues
• -- Statistic 27 events Egt 5.7 1019 eV. One more
  year of data will double N.
• -- Energy at 5.7 1019 eV GZK Horizon 200 Mp gt
  75 but...
• upward shift of energy calibration
  consistent with sistematic
• error can reconcile
• -- Type of particles some hint of heavy nuclei,
  larger deviation in GMF

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HiRes does not confirm
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Conclusions?

• We are probably at a turning date for Cosmic Ray
  Astrophysics
• Sources of Cosmic Rays may have been detected,
  although their real identity
• still unclear
• The Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin feature has been
  probably detected

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Conclusions?

• We are probably at a turning date for Cosmic Ray
  Astrophysics
• Sources of Cosmic Rays may have been detected,
  although their real identity
• still unclear
• The Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin feature has been
  probably detected

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Conclusions?

• We are probably at a turning date for Cosmic Ray
  Astrophysics
• Sources of Cosmic Rays may have been detected,
  although their real identity
• still unclear
• The Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin feature has been
  probably detected

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Conclusions?

• We are probably at a turning date for Cosmic Ray
  Astrophysics
• Sources of Cosmic Rays may have been detected,
  although their real identity
• still unclear
• The Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin feature has been
  probably detected
• A very interesting future is approaching!!

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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Magnetic fields
Difficult impossible if nuclei
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Magnetic fields
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Magnetic fields
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Magnetic fields
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map
Magnetic fields
Preliminary!!
Problem not serious (yet!) also non
correlating events chance correlating
events
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HiRes
HiRes energy x 0.83
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Search for point sourcesthe PAO Sky Map

• CenA

Preliminary!!
No distinctive feature of correlated AGNs
identified. AGNs sources or tracers?
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