Clause A structure with a subject and a predicate'

1
Clause A structure with a subject and a
predicate.

• His wife yelled at him.
• Since he arrived.
• If we buy that car.
• That we saw in the morning.
• Who raised her hand first.

2
Types of Clauses

• Independent (Main)
• His wife yelled at him.
• Dependent
• Since he arrived.
• If we buy that car.
• That we ate in the morning.
• Who raised her hand first.

3
Types of Dependent Clauses

• Subordinate begins with Subordinator.
• Since he arrived.
• If we buy that car.
• Relative begins with a Relative Pronoun.
• That we ate in the morning.
• Who raised her hand first.

4
Types of Sentences

• Simple a single independent clause.
• His wife yelled at him.
• Compound two or more independent clauses.
• His wife yelled at him and the children laughed.

5

• Complex
• one IC at least one DC.
• His wife yelled at him because he wrecked the
  car.
• His wife, who he loved dearly, yelled at him
  because he wrecked the car.

6

• Compound-Complex
• two or more ICs at least one DC.
• His wife, who he loved dearly, yelled at him and
  his children laughed because he wrecked the car,
  and the dog that he had rescued from the pound
  barked loudly.

7
Subordinate Clauses

• usually adverbial
• modify the verb or the entire IC.
• When I get home, we will discuss the matter.
• I will buy the car if I can afford it.
• Though they mistrusted him, they gave him their
  money.

8
Coordinating Conjunctions vs. Subordinators

• Coordinating Conjunctions and, but, or, nor,
  for, so, yet
• Subordinators are moved with the clause.
• When I get home, we will discuss the matter.
• We will discuss the matter when I get home.

9

• Subordinating Conjunctions must be connected to
  an IC.
• I will buy the car if I can afford it.
• I will buy the car. If I can afford it.
• Coordinating Conjunctions may be connected to
  an IC with
• a comma.
• I would enjoy the car, but I cannot afford it.
• I would enjoy the car. But I cannot afford it.
• Conjunctive Adverbs cannot be connected to an
  IC.
• I would enjoy the car, however I cannot afford
  it.
• I would enjoy the car. b, I cannot afford it.

10
Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses

• Separate clauses with a comma only if subordinate
  clause comes first.
• If I can afford it, I will buy the car.
• I will buy the car if I can afford it.

11
Diagramming Adverbial Subordinate Clauses289-290
12
Diagramming Adjectival Subordinate Clauses, p. 291
13
291 Ex. 9.5 Diagramming
14
Relative Clauses

• Relative Pronouns who, whom, whose, which,
  that
• He took the piece of candy that I
• wanted.
• Relative Adverbs when, where, why
• You can probably guess the reason why
• I am late.

15

• Sometimes, a relative pronoun serves as the
  subject of the DC
• I found the book that was lost.
• I found the book. The book was lost.

16

• Sometimes, the relative pronoun serves as the
  object of the clause
• I bought the book that we discussed yesterday.
• I bought the book. We discussed the book
  yesterday.

17

• Sometimes, the relative pronoun serves as the
  object of a preposition within the clause
• My uncle bought the store in which your brother
  works.
• My uncle bought the store that your brother works
  in.
• My uncle bought the store. Your brother
  works in the store.

18
pp. 297-298 How to diagram relative clauses
with relative pronouns.
19
p. 306 How to diagram relative clauses with
relative adverbs.
20

• When and where can be subordinators or relative
  adverbs. How can you tell which it is?
• Can it be moved with the clause?
• Is it adjectival or adverbial?
• We will discuss this when I get home.
• When I get home, we will discuss this.
• We were talking about the meeting where Susan
  yelled at Bill.
• Where Susan yelled at Bill, we were talking
  about the meeting.

21
Grammar Issues with Relative Clauses

• who/whom
• prepositions at the end of sentences.
• This is the girl to whom I gave my ring.
• This is the girl whom I gave my ring to.
• This is the girl who I gave my ring to.
• This is the car in which I will drive to the
  wedding.
• This is the car that I will drive to the
  wedding in.

22
The Omission of Relative Pronouns

• I just dented the car that my father bought
  yesterday.
• I just dented the car my father bought
  yesterday.
• This is the girl I gave my ring to.
• This is the car I will drive to the wedding in.

23
Punctuation of Relative Clauses

• Separate the relative clause by comma(s) only if
  it is nonrestrictive (the clause does not change
  the meaning of the NP that it modifies).
• My sister who is pregnant will visit us for
  three months.
• My sister, who is pregnant, will visit us for
  three months.