CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

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CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
RESPIRATORY LUNGS / AIR PASSAGES
VASCULAR BLOOD VESSELS
CARDIAC HEART
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WHAT DOES THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CONSIST OF?

• THE HEART
• BLOOD VESSELS
• BLOOD

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The Heart
Pulmonary Artery
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary Vein
Inferior vena cava
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

• To pump blood around the body

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The Heart

• The function of the heart is to pump around the
  body through a series of blood vessels called
  arteries and veins.
• The heart is the size of a closed fist and is
  internally divided into 4 sections
• 2 upper chambers right atrium and left atrium
• 2 lower chambers right ventricles and left
  ventricles.

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Arteries or Veins?

• Arteries allow the blood to flow away from the
  heart.
• Veins help the blood return to the heart.

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• The heart pumps blood around the body in a series
  of blood vessels called arteries and veins.
• Some of the blood vessels become smaller as they
  reach things like the fingers and toes.
• Smaller arteries branch into arterioles, and
  smaller veins are called venules.
• The smallest blood vessels of all are called
  capillaries.

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• The blood picks up oxygen at the lungs and then
  goes straight to the heart, which pumps blood
  round the rest of the body, delivering oxygen as
  it goes. By the time blood gets back to the
  heart, there is no oxygen left.
• The heart pumps it back to the lungs where it
  picks up more oxygen and the process starts again.

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Left or Right which is which?

• RIGHT
• Pumps DEOXYGENATED blood around the body

• LEFT
• Pumps OXYGENATED blood around the body

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The Flow of Blood Around the Body
De-oxygenated blood returns to the right side of
the heart via the veins and the Superior and
Inferior Vena Cava
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from heart via the
pulmonary artery to lungs where it is reoxygenated
and then back from the lungs via pulmonary vein
to the left side of the heart as oxygenated blood
blood finally leaves the heart via the AORTA
(arteries) to re-circulate to muscles and around
the body
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The Respiratory System

• This is made up of lungs, the diaphragm and air
  passages.
• These allow air and oxygen (O2) it contains to be
  transferred to the blood stream and also removes
  waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2).

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The Circulatory System Benefits of Exercise

• There are 3 main benefits of exercise
• Stronger cardiac muscle
• Increased stroke volume
• Increased cardiac output
• Task
• Use your class booklet to answer the questions
  on the next slide.

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..

• What is the cardiac muscle?
• What is stroke volume?
• How can stroke volume improve performance?
• What is cardiac output and how can it be
  measured?
• Complete the task in the booklet, calculating the
  cardiac output by using the figures in the
  booklet. Write the answer in the booklet.
• What does resting heart rate mean?
• Take your resting rate using the guidance in the
  booklet. Write the answer in the booklet.

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Answers

• Heart
• Amount of blood pumped from heart in a single
  beat
• More blood is being pumped, therefore more oxygen
  is being delivered to working muscles, improving
  performance
• Amount of blood pumped in one minute
• cardiac output stroke volume x beats per
  minute

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Gaseous Exchange

• Air breathed in contains O2
• In lungs O2 passes into bloodstream
• At same time CO2 from blood passes into lungs

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Surface area of lungs

• Massive surface area needed to make sure as much
  of lungs is in contact with capillaries of blood
  system allows O2 in, CO2 out. This maximises
  delivery of O2 from lungs to blood and delivery
  of CO2 from blood to lungs.

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What the lungs are made of

• Made up of alveoli tiny air sacs surrounded
  by capillaries. Both are very thin which makes it
  easy for gaseous exchange. As we breathe in, the
  tiny sacs of the alveoli fill with air. As we
  breathe out they empty.

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The process of gaseous exchange

• Involves both circulation and respiratory system
  and works more efficiently where blood supply and
  O2 are delivered effectively to lungs. Exercise
  helps both.

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Benefits of Exercise The Respiratory System

• Regular exercise and training can improve the
  efficiency of the lungs in 3 main ways
• Increased vital capacity
• Increased tidal volume
• Increased oxygen debt tolerance

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The Blood and Physical Activity

• 3 main functions of blood

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Aerobic and Anaerobic Activity

• Activity involving OXYGEN AEROBIC activity
• Activity involving muscles working for a short
  time WITHOUT OXYGEN ANAEROBIC activity