Keeping Your Body Healthy - Cardiovascular System -

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Keeping Your Body Healthy- Cardiovascular System
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• Lesson 19
• p.208

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Goals/Objectives

• Identify parts and functions of the
  cardiovascular system.
• Identify behaviors to keep your cardiovascular
  system healthy.

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Key Terms

• Cardiovascular system
• Nervous system
• Immune system
• Respiratory system
• Skeletal system
• Muscular system
• Endocrine system
• Digestive system
• Integumentary system
• Urinary system

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Body Systems

• Your body is made up of cells, tissues, and
  organs that form body systems.
• A cell is the smallest living part of the body.
• An organ is a body part consisting of several
  kinds of tissue that do particular jobs.
• A body system is a group of organs that work
  together to perform a main body function.

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Cardiovascular System

• The body system that transports nutrients, gases,
  hormones, and cellular waste products throughout
  the body is the cardiovascular system.
• consists of the blood, blood vessels, and the
  heart

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Blood

• Your blood carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon
  dioxide, and cellular waste products to and from
  your body cells.
• Average sized adult has about 10 pints of blood
• Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells
• Plasma is the liquid component of blood (about
  95 water)
• Plasmas contains red and white blood cells and
  particles called platelets
• Platelets helps the blood clot to stop bleeding
  when vessels are injured

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White vs Red Blood Cells

• Red blood cells transport oxygen to body cells
  and removes carbon dioxide from body cells.
• Contains hemoglobin (iron-rich protein that helps
  transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the
  blood).
• New cells are constantly produced in bone marrow
• White blood cells attack, surround, and destroy
  pathogens that enter the body and prevents
  infection.
• Pathogen is a germ that causes disease
• Number of white cells increases with an infection

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Blood Vessels

• 3 major types of blood vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries

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Blood Vessels
Artery
Artery Cross Section
Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
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Arteries

• Artery carries blood away from the heart
• Have thick muscular walls that move blood between
  heartbeats
• Coronary artery supplies nutrients and oxygen to
  the heart muscle
• Pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to
  the lungs, where it absorbs oxygen and releases
  carbon dioxide

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Veins Capillaries

• Veins return blood to the heart
• Have thinner walls than arteries
• Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect
  arteries and veins.
• Have thin walls that allow the transfer of
  nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and cellular
  waste between blood and body cells

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Blood Vessels
Capillary
Vein
Vein Cross Section
Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Capillary Cross Section
Connective tissue
Single layer of cells
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FYI - Anemia

• Anemia is a condition in which the amount of
  hemoglobin in the body, and the number of red
  blood cells that carry it, fall below normal.
• This causes the body to get less oxygen, which
  can lead to feelings of fatigue, weakness, loss
  of concentration, and dizziness, as well as more
  serious symptoms.
• Anemia can affect anyone, but people with kidney
  disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory
  bowel disease are at the highest risk.

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Heart

• A 4-chambered muscle that continually pumps blood
  throughout the body.
• Atria are the 2 upper chambers
• 2 lower chambers are ventricles
• divided into the right atrium ventricle and the
  left atrium ventricle

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The Heart

• Aorta
• carries blood from the left ventricle to all
  parts of the body.

• Vena cava
• major vessel from upper body to heart

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1

1. Pulmonary artery carries blood from heart to
   lungs

1. Pulmonary veins from lung to heart

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2

1. Pulmonary veins from lung to heart

1. Right Atriumreceives blood from the body that is
   low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.

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7

1. Left Atriumoxygen-rich blood is carried from the
   lungs to the left atrium.

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4
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1. Right Ventriclepumps oxygen-poor blood to the
   lungs.

1. Left Ventriclepumps oxygen-rich blood from the
   heart through Aorta to the body.

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_________________
3)
_________________
4)
__________________
1)
__________________
5)
__________________
__________________
2)
6)
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Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
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Heart Rate

• Heart rate is the of times the heart contracts
  each minute.
• Pulse is the surge of blood that results from the
  contractions of the heart.
• Blood pressure is the force of blood against the
  artery walls.

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Measuring Blood Pressure

• Blood pressure is the force with which blood
  pushes against the walls of your blood vessels.

• Normal Blood Pressure A blood pressure reading
  is considered normal if it falls within the range
  of 90/60 to 119/79.

• Low Blood Pressure Blood pressure lower than
  90/60 is considered to be low blood pressure.

• High Blood Pressure A person whose blood
  pressure is consistently 140/90 or greater has
  high blood pressure, or hypertension.

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How to Keep Your Cardiovascular System Healthy

• Reduce the amount of fat in your diet
• Reduce the amount of salt in your diet
• Exercise regularly to strengthen your heart
  muscles
• Avoid using tobacco products because they
  increase blood pressure
• Maintain a healthful weight
• Practice stress-management skills

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Heart Disease

• The most common type is coronary heart disease or
  coronary artery disease (CAD)
• With age, coronary arteries lose their elasticity
  and harden (arteriosclerosis).
• Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of deposits
  within the coronary arteries.
• The diameter of the arteries decreases,
  restricting and blocking blood flow of blood to
  the heart
• Effects of atherosclerosis on coronary arteries
  results in CAD

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Heart Disease - Cholesterol

• Excess cholesterol is deposited in arteries
• As flow of blood to the heart is restricted, the
  hearts ability to pump effectively is reduced.
• Angina a person may feel pain in the chest,
  left shoulder, and left arm.
• Can result in heart attack
• Some of heart muscle tissue actually dies from
  lack of blood

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Heart Disease Symptoms of CAD

• Can range from not having any symptoms or
  discomfort to shortness of breath and fatigue, or
  to mild to severe chest pain

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CAD Risk Factors

• Risk factors for CAD include
• Age
• Family history of heart disease
• High blood cholesterol
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Overweight/obesity
• Physical inactivity
• CAD is the leading cause of death for both men
  and women in America today.
• More than 13 million suffer

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Questions

1. What is the function of blood?
2. What is a red blood cell?
3. What is the function of a white blood cell?
4. What are the important differences between the 3
   major types of blood vessels?
5. How does oxygen get into the blood?