BIOGAS DEVELOPMENTS IN FINLAND

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BIOGAS DEVELOPMENTS IN FINLAND
BALTIC STATES SEMINAR ON BIOENERGY Laulasmaa,
Estonia 28 June 2007

• Ari Lampinen (lampinen_at_kaapeli.fi)
• Vice chairman
• Finnish Biogas Association
• http//www.biokaasuyhdistys.net/

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Renewable energy in Finland

• Share of RE of TPES 24,1 (in 2006)
• Share of hydropower industrial wood waste
  domestic firewood 23,4
• Share of all other RE 0,7
• Share of biogas 0,1 (0,97 PJ)
• Government biogas target 2025
• 8 fold increase to 8 PJ
• (0,5 of TPES)

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Biogas potential in FinlandSource Lampinen
Jokinen (2006) Study on energy production
potentials in Finnish farms, http//ebooks.jyu.fi/
1795_6900/9513924971.pdf

• POTENTIAL OF WASTE BASED BIOGAS 3 of TPES
  (current use 3 of the potential)
• POTENTIAL OF ENERGY CROP BASED BIOGAS ( / Mha)
  7 of TPES (current use 0 of the potential)
• Current biogas use 1 of total potential

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Biogas plants in FinlandSource Biogas plant
register 2005 by Finnish Biogas Association and
University of Joensuu, available at
http//www.biokaasuyhdistys.net/

• Amount of plants (and diffusion)
• Landfill gas plants 33 (diffusion 100 in
  active landfills, 0 in old landfills)
• Municipal wastewater treatment plants 15 (3.6
  of 416 municipalities)
• Farm plants 7 (0.01 of 70000 farms)
• Industrial wastewater treatment plants 3 (lt 1 )
• Co-digestion plants 4
• TOTAL 61

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EU Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC)
Finnish government Decision on landfills
(861/1997)
Finnish waste management Law (1072/1993)
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TRAFFIC 19 MWh
TRAFFIC FUEL PRODUCTION STARTED
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The extent of waste at Ämmässuo landfill

• Total production 63.9 Mm3 biogas 32.6 Mm3
  methane 100 million bus km fuel for 1000
  buses
• Flared 27.9 Mm3 biogas 14.2 Mm3 methane 43
  million bus km fuel for 430 buses 140 of
  Helsinki city bus fuel needs
• Not used in buses or waste trucks, not even in
  the existing fleet of over 70 methane buses (that
  use natural gas pipelined from Siberia)

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Efficient use of energy and exergy of wastes at
Kalmari farm

• Co-digestion of cattle dung, agricultural waste,
  kitchen waste, industrial waste and energy crops

Article of the farm Refocus 5/2004, available at
ScienceDirect and http//www.kaapeli.fi/tep/proje
ktit/liikenteen_biopolttoaineet/Refocus_biogas.pdf
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Kalmari farm

• Co-production of electricity, heat, traffic fuels
  and fertilizers (polygeneration, biorefinary)
• Payback time a few years without subsidies

Micro-CHP 30 kWe 60 kWt (modified Valtra
tractor engine)
Vehicle refueling facility
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Priorities in Finland

• Current policy based on interests of government
  companies
• A) Composting preferable biowaste management
  technology (losing energy content of the waste
  losing energy and nutrients in the process)
• B) Biogas usage priorities
• Flaring
• Heat only
• Electricity heat (CHP)
• Traffic

• Policy based on environmental and economical
  considerations
• A) Anaerobic digestion preferable biowaste
  management technology
• B) Biogas usage priorities
• Traffic
• Electricity heat (CHP)
• Heat only
• Flaring

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CO2 emissions in the EU
Petri Tapio/TuKKK
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Waste based biogas has the lowest lifecycle
greenhouse gas emissions of all traffic biofuels,
incl. all the so called 2nd generation biofuels
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CO2 emissions One Toyota Prius hybrid emits as
much as 10 large biogas Volvos
www.gronabilister.se
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Source German Ministry of Agriculture
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Biogas traffic use potential in EU15 Source
Lampinen et al (2004) http//www.kaapeli.fi/tep/p
rojektit/liikenteen_biopolttoaineet/Traffic_biogas
_potential.pdf
Table 5. Amount of cars that could be powered by biogas from BMW, SS and agricultural waste in the EU-15. Table 5. Amount of cars that could be powered by biogas from BMW, SS and agricultural waste in the EU-15.
Source of biogas Amount of cars
Biodegradable municipal solid waste 5.2 million
Sewage sludge 0.8 million
Agricultural waste 28 million
TOTAL 34 million
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Conclusions

• Large (100-fold) potential to increase biogas
  production
• Main success landfills due to environmental
  legislation
• Very low diffusion of biogas technology in all
  other sectors, where legislation does not favour
  the biogas option
• New EU waste directive, draft COM(2005)667,
  enables changes in this aspect a proposal in
  Finnish is available at http//www.kaapeli.fi/tep
  /projektit/ilmastonmuutos/Jatelaki_aloite_TEP15060
  7.pdf
• Most advanced technology available from Finland
  (BAT and BEP for dissemination to other
  countries) farm scale polygeneration of traffic
  fuels, electricity, heat and fertilizers
• Also possible as Kyoto JI projects like the
  Paldiski/Pakri 18.4 MW wind farm
  http//www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid13
  6900lanen

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Thank You!
Author with his biogas car, one of only 7 biogas
vehicles in Finland