Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform

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Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform

• 1824-1840

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Rise of Democratic Politics, 1824-1832

• Rise of Two Party System
• Democrats
• Whigs
• Antebellum Era
• Era of Common Man

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Democratic Ferment

• Poll Tax instead of Property Requirement
• Poll Tax tax levied on the individual, usually
  as prerequisite for voting rights. Tax the same
  for all people regardless of income, property, or
  other taxes paid. Also called Lump sum or head
  tax.

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Democratic Ferment

• Poll Tax
• Appointive Office Becomes Elective

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Democratic Ferment

• Poll Tax
• Appointive Office Becomes Elective
• Electoral College
• Traditionally elected by _____.
• Most states allowed electoral college to be
  elected by ______.

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Election of 1824

• Five Candidates run for president, all
  Democratic-Republican
• John Quincy Adams (New England North)
• John C. Calhoun (S. Carolina South)
• William Crawford (Georgia South)
• Henry Clay (Kentucky West)

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Election of 1824
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John Quincy Adams

• Appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State
• Proposed Federal Aid for Internal Improvements
• Proposed sending delegates to newly independent
  Latin American Countries

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Rise of Andrew Jackson
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Rise of Andrew Jackson

• War Hero

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Rise of Andrew Jackson

• War Hero
• Second American Party System
• Adams Men National Republican
• Jackson Men Democrat
• Friends of Clay National Republica

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Election of 1828

• Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun (Democratic
  Party)
• John Adams Richard Rush (National Republican)
• Vicious mudslinging affair
• http//college.hmco.com/history/us/boyer/enduring_
  vision/5e/instructors/ppt.html

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Jackson in Office

• Rotation in Office
• Rejected Federal Aid for Internal Improvements
• Indian Removal Act
• Nullification

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Nullification

• South Carolina Exposition Protest
• John C. Calhoun resigns VP in 1832
• Support for Nullification
• Peggy Eaton Affair
• Jacksons Florida Raid
• November 1832 South Carolina Nullifies Tariff
  Acts.

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Nullification, cont.

• December 1832 Jackson issues Proclamation
• March 1833 Olive Branch and the Sword
• Tariff of 1833 (Compromise Tariff)
• Force Bill

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Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

• 2nd Bank of United States Received 20 year
  charter in 1816 due to expire 1836.

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Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

• 2nd Bank of United States Received 20 year
  charter in 1816 due to expire 1836.
• Became creditor bank to state banks
• Repository Bank for Federal Revenue
• 35 million capital allowed it to loan more
• Privately controlled
• Stabilize money supply

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Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

• 2nd Bank of United States Received 20 year
  charter in 1816 due to expire 1836.
• Opposition to 2nd Bank of United States

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Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

• 2nd Bank of United States Received 20 year
  charter in 1816 due to expire 1836.
• Opposition to 2nd Bank of United States
• Closure of State Banks left people with worthless
  bank notes
• Western banks prevented from expanding
• Eastern banks envied Govt deposits.

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Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

• 2nd Bank of United States Received 20 year
  charter in 1816 due to expire 1836.
• Opposition to 2nd Bank of United States
• 1832 Re-charter Bill passed 4 years early
  Jackson Vetoes

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Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

• 2nd Bank of United States Received 20 year
  charter in 1816 due to expire 1836.
• Opposition to 2nd Bank of United States
• 1832 Re-charter Bill passed 4 years early
  Jackson Vetoes
• Jackson unified Democrats unable to override
  veto

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Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

• Jacksons opposition to National Bank
• Constitutional Congress had no constitutional
  authority to charter a bank
• Populist Dangerous to liberties of people nest
  of special privilege and monopoly
• Patriotic British aristocrats owned much of the
  bank stock

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Bank Controversy and the Second Party System,
1833-1840

• War on the Bank
• Jackson appoints Roger B. Taney to Secretary of
  Treasury

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War on the Bank

• Taney withdraws gold and silver from 2nd National
  Bank and deposits it with Pet Banks.
• Jackson censured for illegal act

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The Rise of Popular Religion

• The Second Great Awakening
• Adventism
• The Shakers
• The Rise of Mormonism

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The Second Great Awakening

• Period of intense religious revival (1790s
  1830s)
• Camp Meetings
• Exercises
• Methodism

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Eastern Revivals

• Burned-over District
• Charles G. Finney
• Erie Canal Towns
• Rejects Calvinist doctrine of elect and human
  depravity
• Insisted sin was voluntary and humans could be
  perfected

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Critics of Revivals Unitarians

• Belief that Jesus was less than fully divine
• Attracted religious liberals, esp. east coast
  Brahmins (wealthy educated elite)
• Criticized revivals as uncouth emotional
  exhibitions

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Adventism

• Belief in Second Coming of Christ (Advent)
• William Miller (1782-1849)
• Millerites reorganized into Seventh Day Adventists

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The Shakers

• United Society of Believers in Christs Second
  Coming
• Mother Ann Lee
• Sex as Forbidden Fruit practiced celibacy

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The Age of Reform

• Reform as a recurring Aspect of American Life
• Antebellum
• Postbellum
• Modern/Contemporary

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Temperance

• Most widespread
• Rested mainly on Religious foundations
• Lyman Beecher
• Prohibition Movements
• By 1855, 13 states had temperance laws on the
  books

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Abolition

• American Colonization Society
• William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator
• Immediate Emancipation Civil liberties
• Slavery as sinful
• Frederick Douglass Sojourner Truth
• Mob violence
• Division among abolitionists

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Womens Rights

• Cult of Domesticity
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott
• Seneca Falls Convention

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Penitentiaries and Asylums

• Revolutionary era prisons as holding cells for
  prisoners awaiting punishment
• Idea of Rehabilitation leads to penitentiary
  system
• Dorothea Dix Report to Mass. Legislature on
  treatment of insane
• Asylums mentally ill housed separately from
  criminals

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Rise of Mormonism