Chapter Four Hardware for Educators

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Chapter FourHardware for Educators

• Laura Smith
• Korina Vasek
• Erin Mouw

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The System Unit

• Definition
• a box-like case that houses the electronic
  components a computer uses to process data.
• Protects the electronic makings of the computer
  from damage.
• Mostly made of plastic or metal.
• Most storage devices are inside the system unit.

3
Bits and Bytes

• The computer only understands two discrete
  states,
• on and off.
• To store and process data, a computer converts
  data into what it understands.
• Each ON or OFF value is called a bit and is the
  smallest unit a computer can handle.
• Eight bits grouped together as a unit are a Byte.

4
CPU and Processor

• CPU stands for Central Processing Unit
• which is what interprets and carries out basic
  instructions to operate a computer.
• The CPU manages most of a computers operations.
• A chip known as the processor contains the CPU.
• The processor contains many things including
• a control unit,
• an arithmetic/logic unit,
• and a system unit.

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Memory

• Computers use memory to store data and
  information temporarily.
• A kilobyte (KB or K) equals 1024 bytes
• A megabyte (MB) equals approx 1 million bytes
• A gigabyte (GB) is equal approx 1 billion bytes
• Two common types of memory
• Ram, is volatile memory
• Rom, is nonvolitle memory

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Types of Input

• Input is
• entering data,
• programs,
• commands,
• user responses into memory.
• Data is a collection of unorganized facts that
  become information such as
• Words
• Numbers
• Pictures
• sounds

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Types of Input (Continued)

• A program is a series of instructions that tells
  a computer how to do something.
• A command is an instruction given to a computer
  program.
• User response is a users input to a question
  from a program.

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Keyboards

• A keyboard is a group of switches resembling the
  keys on a typewriter.
• Which allows the user to enter input
• A keyboard allows you to
• Type letters
• Numbers
• Spaces
• Punctuation marks
• And other symbols

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Pointing Devices

• An input device that allows you to control
  movement.
• Common pointers
• Mouse
• Trackball
• joystick

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Audio and Video Input

• Audio input is recording music, speech, or sound
  effects.
• Recorded sound is input from a device such as a
  microphone, tape player, or audio CD player.
• Video input is the process of entering a
  full-motion recording into a computer.

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Types of Output

• Output is data that has been made into
  information.
• Four common types of output are
• Text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video

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Output Devices

• Coveys information to a user.
• Commonly used output devices are
• Monitors
• Printers
• Data projectors
• Facsimile machines
• Multifunction devices
• Speakers
• Headsets

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Monitors

• A monitor is a display device that conveys text,
  graphics, and video information visually.
• They come in a variety of sizes.
• The core of a monitor is much like a television.

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Printers

• An output device that produces text and graphical
  information.
• Nonimpact printer
• Ink-jet printer
• Photo printer
• Laser printer

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Storage

• Media on which data, instructions, and
  information are kept.
• Storage is nonvolatile, so data and instructions
  are retained even when power is off.
• One common form of storage is a disk.

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Optical and Other Storage Media

• CDs and DVDs are a type of optical storage
  media.
• Popular mobile storage devices are
• Zip disks
• Flash memory
• USB flash drives
• Smart Cards