Hardware Applications for Educators

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COMPUTERS IN THE CLASSROOM CT 243
Emery Roth eroth_at_hartford.edu http//uhaweb.hartfo
rd.edu/eroth/
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Chapters 2 3 Q A
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ASSIGNMENT posted on blackboard web site
Web site http//uhaweb.hartford.edu/eroth/
WebQuests http//webquest.sdsu.edu/
WebQuests Google Search
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Hand-held Computer

• Its a real computer
• Some can store and project PowerPoint stacks
• Price range 100 to 600 plus

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Hand-held Computer

• Optional keyboard

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Hand-held Computer

• Optional keyboard
• Science probes

For biology, physics, earth science, enviro
sciences, and chemistry. Visit Pasco for
lessons linked to Standards
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Hand-held Computer

• Optional keyboard
• Science probes
• GPS positioning

Locate yourself anywhere on the earths surface
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Saving Face
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CHAPTER 4 Hardware Applicationsfor Educators
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Objectives

• Describe the system unit
• Define a bit and describe how a series of bits
  are used to represent data
• Identify the major components of the system unit
  and explain their functions
• Explain how the CPU use the four steps of a
  machine cycle to process data
• Describe the four types of input and input
  devices
• List the characteristics of a keyboard and
  identify the various types of keyboards
• Identify various types of pointing devices

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Objectives continued

• Differentiate between the four different types
  of output
• Identify the different types of output devices
• Explain the difference among various types of
  printers
• Differentiate between storage and memory
• Identify types of storage media and devices
• Explain how data is stored on floppy and hard
  disks
• Differentiate between CD-ROMS and DVD-ROMS

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System unit and data representation

• System unit is a box-like case that houses the
  electronic components a computer uses to process
  data
• Analog - continuous electrical wave
• Digital - representation of data using two
  discrete states on and off
• Byte - when eight bits of data are grouped
  together
• ASCII - American Standard Code for Information
  Interchange

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Components of a system unit

• Motherboard - circuit board in the computer that
  contains many of the electronic components in the
  system unit
• Central processing unit CPU - electronic device
  on the motherboard that interprets and carries
  out the instructions that operate the computer
• Control unit - component of the CPU that directs
  and coordinates most of the operations of the
  computer
• Fetching - obtaining program data or instructions
• Decoding - process of translating instructions
  into commands
• Executing - process of carrying out commands
• Storing - process of writing results to memory
• Machine cycle - four instructions together

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Components of a System Unit Continued

• Arithmetic/logic unit - CPU component that
  performs the execution part of the machine cycle
• Arithmetic operations - include addition,
  subtraction, multiplication, and division
• Comparison operations - involve comparing one
  data item to another to determine if the the
  first item is greater than, equal to, or less
  than the other
• Logical operations - work with conditions and
  logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT

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Components of a System Unit Continued

• System clock - small chip that synchronizes, or
  controls the timing of, all computer operations
• Clock speed - speed at which a processor
  executes instructions
• I.e. - 933 Mhz - nine hundred, thirty-three
  million clock cycles, or ticks, in one second
• Memory - location in the computer to store data
  and instruction
• I.e. - 1 GB is equal to one billion bytes of data
• Address - unique number identifying the location
  of a byte in memory

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Components of a System Unit Continued

• Random access memory (RAM) - volatile memory in
  which its contents are lost (erased) when a
  computers power is turned off
• I.e. - 64, 128, 256 Mb RAM/SDRAM
• Read only memory (ROM) - devices are chips that
  store information or instructions that do not
  change. (I.e. - operating system)
• Expansion slot - is an opening, or socket, where
  a circuit board can be inserted into the
  motherboard
• Plug and play - computers capability to
  configure automatically expansion cards and other
  devices as they are installed
• PC card - special type of expansion card for
  notebook and other mobile computers

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PICTURES ON PAGE 4.11
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Components of a System Unit Continued

• Port - is the point attachment to the system
  unit and most computers contain ports on the back
  of the system unit
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) - can connect up to
  127 different peripheral devices with a single
  connector type
• Firewire (1394) port - can connect multiple
  devices that require faster data transmission
  speeds, such as digital video cameras

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Input

• Input - is any item you enter into the memory of
  a computer
• Data - is a collection of unorganized facts that
  can include words, numbers, pictures, sounds, and
  so on
• Program - is a series of instructions that tells
  a computer how to perform the tasks necessary to
  process data into information
• Command - is an instruction given to a computer
  program
• Keyword - is a special word, phrase, or code that
  a program understands as an instruction
• User response - answer to a question asked by a
  program

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Input Devices

• Keyboard - is a group of switches resembling the
  keys on a typewriter that allows users to enter
  input
• Numeric keyboard - is a calculator-style
  arrangement of keys representing numbers, a
  decimal point, and some basic mathematical
  operators
• Wireless keyboard - is a battery operated device
  that transmits data using wireless technology,
  such as radio waves or infrared light waves

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Input Devices Continued

• Pointing device - is an input device that allows
  you to control a pointer on the screen
• Mouse - is the most widely used pointing device,
  because it takes full advantage of a graphical
  user interface
• Optical mouse - has no moving parts, instead it
  uses devices that emit and sense light to detect
  the mouses movement
• Wireless mouse - is a battery powered device that
  transmits data using wireless technology, such as
  radio waves or infrared waves

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Input Devices Continued

• Touchpad - is a small, flat, rectangular
  pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and
  motion.
• Pointing stick - is a pressure-sensitive
  pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser
• Trackball - is a stationary pointing device with
  a ball mechanism on its top
• Joystick - is a vertical lever mounted on a
  base.
• Touchscreen - a monitor that has a touch
  sensitive panel on the screen, used for input
• Optical reader - is a device that reads
  characters, marks, and codes and then converts
  them to digital data that can be processed by a
  computer
• 3 types OCR, OMR, Bar Scan

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Input Devices Continued

• Optical scanner - is an input device that
  electronically can capture an entire page of text
  or images such as photographs or artwork
• Digital camera - allows you to take pictures and
  store the photographed images digitally instead
  of on traditional film
• Audio input - is the process of recording music,
  speech, or sound effects
• Video input - is the process of entering a
  full-motion recording into a computer

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Output Devices

• Output is data that has been processed into a
  useful form called information
• Text - consists of characters that are used to
  create words, sentences, paragraphs
• Graphics - are digital representations of
  nontext information, such as images, drawings,
  charts, pictures, and photographs
• Audio - is any music, speech, or other sound
  that is stored and produced by the computer
• Video - consists of photographic images that are
  played back at speeds that provide the appearance
  of full motion in real-time.

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Output Devices Continued

• An output device is any computer component
  capable of conveying information to a user
• Monitor - is a display device that conveys text,
  graphics, and video information visually and is
  housed in a plastic or metal case
• LCD vs. CRT
• Pixel - is a single point in an electronic
  image.
• Resolution - or sharpness and clarity of a
  monitor is related directly to the number of
  pixels it can display
• I.e 800 x 600

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Output Devices Continued

• A printer is an output device that produces text
  and graphical information on a physical medium
  such as paper or transparency film
• Portrait vs. Landscape
• Dotmatrix vs. inkjet vs. laser
• Multifunction device - is a single piece of
  equipment that provides the functionality of a
  printer, fax machine, copier and scanner

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Storage

• Storage - refers to the media on which data,
  instructions, and information are kept when they
  are not being processed, as well as the devices
  that record and retrieve these items. Also called
  secondary storage.
• Storage medium is the physical material on which
  data, instructions, and information are kept
• I.e. disk
• Storage device - is the mechanism used to record
  and retrieve these items to and from a storage
  medium