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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE USAGE

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Title: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE USAGE


1
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE USAGE
  • BY
  • LAURA M. SCHRAMM

2
  • Cannabis compounds. These compounds are found in
    marijuana and hashish.
  • Central nervous system depressants. Barbiturates
    and benzodiazepines are examples of central
    nervous system depressants. Phenobarbital and
    Seconal are examples of barbiturates.
    Benzodiazepines include tranquilizers such as
    diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax),),
    lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Klonopin) and
    chlordiazepoxide (Librium).
  • Central nervous system stimulants. This class of
    drugs includes amphetamines, methamphetamine,
    cocaine and methylphenidate (Ritalin).
  • Designer drugs. Synthetic compounds, such as
    Ecstasy, which has both amphetamine-like and
    hallucinogenic effects, are included in this
    category.
  • Hallucinogens. LSD, phencyclidine (PCP) and
    ketamine (special K) are examples of
    hallucinogens.
  • Inhalants. Glue, paint, solvents and nitrous
    oxide can all be used as inhalant drugs.
  • Opioids. Opioids are narcotic, painkilling drugs
    produced naturally from opium or made
    synthetically. This class of drugs includes
    heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone and
    oxycodone (Oxycontin

3
Narcotics
4
Narcotics
  • Lower perception of pain
  • Include
  • Opium
  • Morphine
  • Codeine
  • Oxycodone
  • Heroin

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  • Know the Signs
  • Signs and symptoms of stimulant use are
  • Extremely dilated pupils.
  • Dry mouth and nose,
  • bad breath,
  • frequent lip licking.
  • Excessive activity,
  • difficulty sitting still,
  • lack of interest in food or sleep.
  • Irritable, argumentative, nervous.
  • Talkative, but conversation often lacks
    continuity changes subjects rapidly.

8
Depressants AKA Booze, Sauce, Brews, Brewskis,
Hooch, Hard Stuff, Juice
9
Depressants
  • Relax and slow CNS
  • Include
  • Alcohol - Chloral Hydrates
  • Barbituates - GHB
  • Quaaludes - Rohypnol

10
  • Know the Signs
  • Signs and symptoms of depressant use are
  • Lack of facial expression or animation
  • Flat affect
  • Flaccid appearance
  • Slurred speech
  • There are few readily apparent symptoms. Abuse
    may be indicated by activities such as frequent
    visits to different physicians for prescriptions
    to treat "nervousness", "anxiety"," stress", etc

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  • Know the Signs
  • Signs and symptoms of marijuana use are
  • Rapid, loud talking and bursts of laughter in
    early stages of intoxication.
  • Sleepy or stuporous in the later stages.
  • Forgetfulness in conversation.
  • Inflammation in whites of eyes
  • Odor similar to burnt rope on clothing or breath.
  • Tendency to drive slowly
  • Marijuana users are difficult to recognize unless
    they are under the influence of the drug at the
    time of observation. Casual users may show none
    of the general symptoms. Marijuana does have a
    distinct odor and may be the same color or a bit
    greener than tobacco.

13
Inhalants
  • Nitrites (butyl or amyl)
  • Cyclohexyl nitrite
  • Amyl nitrite
  • Butyl nitrite
  • Gasses
  • Nitrous oxide
  • Ether
  • Chloroform
  • Solvents, paints, sprays and fuels

14
Common Illustrations of Inhalants
15
  • Know the Signs
  • Signs and symptoms of inhalant use are
  • Substance odor on breath and clothes.
  • Runny nose.
  • Watering eyes.
  • Drowsiness or unconsciousness.
  • Poor muscle control.
  • Prefers group activity to being alone.
  • Presence of bags or rags containing dry plastic
    cement or other solvent at home, in locker at
    school or at work.
  • Discarded whipped cream, spray paint or similar
    chargers (users of nitrous oxide). Small bottles
    labeled "incense" (users of butyl nitrite).

16
Hallucinogens AKA acid, cid, blotter, illusion,
lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, magic mushrooms,
mushrooms, shrooms, PCP or Angel Dust.
17
Hallucinogens
  • Affect serotonin levels
  • Include
  • LSD - Psilocybin
  • PCP - Mescaline (Peyote)
  • Ketamine

18
  • Know the Signs
  • Signs and symptoms of hallucinogenic use are
  • Extremely dilated pupils
  • Warm skin, excessive perspiration and body odor.
  • Distorted sense of sight, hearing, touch
    distorted image of self and time perception.
  • Mood and behavior changes,
  • Unpredictable flashback episodes even long after
    withdrawal (although these are rare).

19
Club Drugs
20
Ecstasy
21
  • Know the Signs
  • Signs and symptoms of Ecstasy use are
  • pupil dilation
  • chills or sweating
  • high body temperature, sweating profusely
  • dehydrated
  • confusion
  • faintness
  • paranoia or severe anxiety
  • trance-like state
  • transfixed on sites and sounds
  • grinding teeth
  • very affectionate

22
STEROIDSAnabolic-androgenic steroids are
powerful prescription drugs that some athletes
use as a way to boost athletic performance and
build muscle and body mass.
  • Acne, really bad acne, especially on face and
    back
  • called roids, juice, hype, or pump.
  • Blood clots and stroke
  • Liver damage, jaundice, or liver cancer
  • Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps
  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • Sleep problems
  • Roid rage"severe, aggressive behavior that may
    result in violence, such as fighting or
    destroying property
  • Severe mood swings
  • Hallucinationsseeing or hearing things that are
    not really there
  • Paranoiaextreme feelings of mistrust and fear
  • Anxiety and panic attacks
  • Depression and thoughts of suicide

    I

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STEROIDS
24
Triple C
Triple C is a slang term for the
over-the-counter medication Coricidin HBP Cough
Cold, which contains dextromethorphan, or DXM.
The medication is abused because it contains
dextromethorphan which, when taken in doses that
dramatically exceed those recommended by
physicians and pharmacists, produces
hallucinations and a sense of dissociation. The
medication is used legitimately to treat the
symptoms that typically result from colds or
upper respiratory allergies.
25
CCC Coricidin Cough and Cold.
  • Coricidin contains Dextromethorphan, commonly
    used over-the-counter for cough and colds.
  • Users often take 8-20 for LSD-like highs.
  • Street names DXM, Triple C, robo, skittles, Dex,
    tussin, and Vitamin D.
  • Symptoms of abuse include hallucinations,
    confusion, excitation, increased heart rate,
    elevated temperature, dry mouth, slurred speech,
    and seizures.

26
DXM Effects
  • Distorted perceptions of sight sound
  • Feelings of detachment
  • Separation from the environment
  • Separation from self
  • Euphoric/ dreamlike state

27
Dextromethorphan (DXM)
  • Toxicity
  • OTC combination w/ antihistamines,
    decongestants,acetaminophen, guaifenesin
  • Serotonin syndrome when combined with other Rx /
    OTC medications
  • Thickeners, glucose toxic to kidneys pancreas
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
    dizziness
  • Tolerance and depencance
  • Long term cognitive motor impairment?

28
  • Budder a light green compound made entirely from
    cannabis buds. It is purported to be the
    strongest and most potent form of cannabis
    available. Budder, made by whipping air into
    hashish oil and freezing it as an oily substance
    is created. It is more potent than a marijuana
    joint, as teens will spread it on toast, bread,
    etc for a euphoric high!!

29
CHEESE
  • cheese is a deadly combination of heroin and cold
    medicine that is inexpensive to make and easier
    to use because it can be smoked or snorted rather
    than injected.
  • It is like "a speed ball" which is a mixture of
    cocaine and heroin. Cheese is cheap and very
    easily obtained by taking ie Tylenol PM and
    combining it with heroin.
  • provides the same type of "rush" as the "speed
    ball". The mixture of "cheese" is about 2 to 8
    percent heroin which is enough to be extremely
    dangerous

30
Looks Like Candy, Devastates Like Hard Drugs
  • Hoping to recruit younger users, drug dealers are
    creating candy-colored and flavored varieties of
    crystal meth. Chocolate, peanut butter and
    strawberry? They're not just ice cream flavors,
    they are the new taste of meth!!
  • ie STRAWBERRY QUIK

(taken from ABC News)
31
'Skittling' New Drug Of Choice For Some Teens
  • Kids call it "skittling" because Coricidin HBP, a
    popular over-the-counter cold medication, looks
    like candy. At 8 a box, it's a cheap, easy way
    to get high, and a lot of kids know about it.

32
Physical Signs of Abuse
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Confusion
  • Poor coordination
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Dizziness
  • Inability to move arms legs
  • Slowed breathing

33
DILATED PUPIL
  • Other drugs, such as marijuana, LSD, cocaine,
    shrooms, and amphetamines cause pupil
    dilation.taken from Wikipedia

34
PUPIL CONSTRICTION
  • Certain drugs cause constriction of the pupils,
    such as alcohol and opioids.

35
QUICK GUIDE TO SIGNS OF SUBSTANCE USAGE
  • Alcohol breathe smells like alcohol, dilated
    pupils, cheerful, noisy, more guts, loss of
    shyness.
  • Hashish/weed red eyes, dilated pupils, cheerful,
    sleepy, slow, ignorant about what has just been
    said, giggling, hungry, heavy arms and legs.
  • XTC dilated pupils, cheerful, energetic and
    talkative. The days after exhausted, down and
    empty.
  • Amphetamines dilated pupils, energetic,
    talkative, pale, and restless. The days after
    down, empty, exhausted and irritated.
  • Cocaine dilated pupils (not always), go to the
    toilet often, cheerful, energetic, talkative,
    reckless, pale, restless, irritated, hot
    tempered. The days after down, empty, exhausted.
  • LSD dilated pupils, weird ideas, hallucinations.
  • Heroin narrow pupils, almost closed eyelids, a
    faraway look, passive, quiet, slow breath

36
Drug Paraphernalia
37
Common Drug Paraphernalia
38
Inconspicuous Drug Paraphernalia
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