SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE USAGE

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE USAGE

• BY
• LAURA M. SCHRAMM

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• Cannabis compounds. These compounds are found in
  marijuana and hashish.
• Central nervous system depressants. Barbiturates
  and benzodiazepines are examples of central
  nervous system depressants. Phenobarbital and
  Seconal are examples of barbiturates.
  Benzodiazepines include tranquilizers such as
  diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax),),
  lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Klonopin) and
  chlordiazepoxide (Librium).
• Central nervous system stimulants. This class of
  drugs includes amphetamines, methamphetamine,
  cocaine and methylphenidate (Ritalin).
• Designer drugs. Synthetic compounds, such as
  Ecstasy, which has both amphetamine-like and
  hallucinogenic effects, are included in this
  category.
• Hallucinogens. LSD, phencyclidine (PCP) and
  ketamine (special K) are examples of
  hallucinogens.
• Inhalants. Glue, paint, solvents and nitrous
  oxide can all be used as inhalant drugs.
• Opioids. Opioids are narcotic, painkilling drugs
  produced naturally from opium or made
  synthetically. This class of drugs includes
  heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone and
  oxycodone (Oxycontin

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Narcotics
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Narcotics

• Lower perception of pain
• Include
• Opium
• Morphine
• Codeine
• Oxycodone
• Heroin

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• Know the Signs
• Signs and symptoms of stimulant use are
• Extremely dilated pupils.
• Dry mouth and nose,
• bad breath,
• frequent lip licking.
• Excessive activity,
• difficulty sitting still,
• lack of interest in food or sleep.
• Irritable, argumentative, nervous.
• Talkative, but conversation often lacks
  continuity changes subjects rapidly.

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Depressants AKA Booze, Sauce, Brews, Brewskis,
Hooch, Hard Stuff, Juice
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Depressants

• Relax and slow CNS
• Include
• Alcohol - Chloral Hydrates
• Barbituates - GHB
• Quaaludes - Rohypnol

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• Know the Signs
• Signs and symptoms of depressant use are
• Lack of facial expression or animation
• Flat affect
• Flaccid appearance
• Slurred speech
• There are few readily apparent symptoms. Abuse
  may be indicated by activities such as frequent
  visits to different physicians for prescriptions
  to treat "nervousness", "anxiety"," stress", etc

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• Know the Signs
• Signs and symptoms of marijuana use are
• Rapid, loud talking and bursts of laughter in
  early stages of intoxication.
• Sleepy or stuporous in the later stages.
• Forgetfulness in conversation.
• Inflammation in whites of eyes
• Odor similar to burnt rope on clothing or breath.
  
• Tendency to drive slowly
• Marijuana users are difficult to recognize unless
  they are under the influence of the drug at the
  time of observation. Casual users may show none
  of the general symptoms. Marijuana does have a
  distinct odor and may be the same color or a bit
  greener than tobacco.

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Inhalants

• Nitrites (butyl or amyl)
• Cyclohexyl nitrite
• Amyl nitrite
• Butyl nitrite
• Gasses
• Nitrous oxide
• Ether
• Chloroform
• Solvents, paints, sprays and fuels

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Common Illustrations of Inhalants
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• Know the Signs
• Signs and symptoms of inhalant use are
• Substance odor on breath and clothes.
• Runny nose.
• Watering eyes.
• Drowsiness or unconsciousness.
• Poor muscle control.
• Prefers group activity to being alone.
• Presence of bags or rags containing dry plastic
  cement or other solvent at home, in locker at
  school or at work.
• Discarded whipped cream, spray paint or similar
  chargers (users of nitrous oxide). Small bottles
  labeled "incense" (users of butyl nitrite).

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Hallucinogens AKA acid, cid, blotter, illusion,
lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, magic mushrooms,
mushrooms, shrooms, PCP or Angel Dust.
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Hallucinogens

• Affect serotonin levels
• Include
• LSD - Psilocybin
• PCP - Mescaline (Peyote)
• Ketamine

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• Know the Signs
• Signs and symptoms of hallucinogenic use are
• Extremely dilated pupils
• Warm skin, excessive perspiration and body odor.
• Distorted sense of sight, hearing, touch
  distorted image of self and time perception.
• Mood and behavior changes,
• Unpredictable flashback episodes even long after
  withdrawal (although these are rare).

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Club Drugs
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Ecstasy
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• Know the Signs
• Signs and symptoms of Ecstasy use are
• pupil dilation
• chills or sweating
• high body temperature, sweating profusely
• dehydrated
• confusion
• faintness
• paranoia or severe anxiety
• trance-like state
• transfixed on sites and sounds
• grinding teeth
• very affectionate

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STEROIDSAnabolic-androgenic steroids are
powerful prescription drugs that some athletes
use as a way to boost athletic performance and
build muscle and body mass.

• Acne, really bad acne, especially on face and
  back
• called roids, juice, hype, or pump.
• Blood clots and stroke
• Liver damage, jaundice, or liver cancer
• Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps
• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Sleep problems
• Roid rage"severe, aggressive behavior that may
  result in violence, such as fighting or
  destroying property
• Severe mood swings
• Hallucinationsseeing or hearing things that are
  not really there
• Paranoiaextreme feelings of mistrust and fear
• Anxiety and panic attacks
• Depression and thoughts of suicide
  
  I

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STEROIDS
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Triple C
Triple C is a slang term for the
over-the-counter medication Coricidin HBP Cough
Cold, which contains dextromethorphan, or DXM.
The medication is abused because it contains
dextromethorphan which, when taken in doses that
dramatically exceed those recommended by
physicians and pharmacists, produces
hallucinations and a sense of dissociation. The
medication is used legitimately to treat the
symptoms that typically result from colds or
upper respiratory allergies.
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CCC Coricidin Cough and Cold.

• Coricidin contains Dextromethorphan, commonly
  used over-the-counter for cough and colds.
• Users often take 8-20 for LSD-like highs.
• Street names DXM, Triple C, robo, skittles, Dex,
  tussin, and Vitamin D.
• Symptoms of abuse include hallucinations,
  confusion, excitation, increased heart rate,
  elevated temperature, dry mouth, slurred speech,
  and seizures.

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DXM Effects

• Distorted perceptions of sight sound
• Feelings of detachment
• Separation from the environment
• Separation from self
• Euphoric/ dreamlike state

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Dextromethorphan (DXM)

• Toxicity
• OTC combination w/ antihistamines,
  decongestants,acetaminophen, guaifenesin
• Serotonin syndrome when combined with other Rx /
  OTC medications
• Thickeners, glucose toxic to kidneys pancreas
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
  dizziness
• Tolerance and depencance
• Long term cognitive motor impairment?

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• Budder a light green compound made entirely from
  cannabis buds. It is purported to be the
  strongest and most potent form of cannabis
  available. Budder, made by whipping air into
  hashish oil and freezing it as an oily substance
  is created. It is more potent than a marijuana
  joint, as teens will spread it on toast, bread,
  etc for a euphoric high!!

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CHEESE

• cheese is a deadly combination of heroin and cold
  medicine that is inexpensive to make and easier
  to use because it can be smoked or snorted rather
  than injected.
• It is like "a speed ball" which is a mixture of
  cocaine and heroin. Cheese is cheap and very
  easily obtained by taking ie Tylenol PM and
  combining it with heroin.
• provides the same type of "rush" as the "speed
  ball". The mixture of "cheese" is about 2 to 8
  percent heroin which is enough to be extremely
  dangerous

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Looks Like Candy, Devastates Like Hard Drugs

• Hoping to recruit younger users, drug dealers are
  creating candy-colored and flavored varieties of
  crystal meth. Chocolate, peanut butter and
  strawberry? They're not just ice cream flavors,
  they are the new taste of meth!!
• ie STRAWBERRY QUIK

(taken from ABC News)
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'Skittling' New Drug Of Choice For Some Teens

• Kids call it "skittling" because Coricidin HBP, a
  popular over-the-counter cold medication, looks
  like candy. At 8 a box, it's a cheap, easy way
  to get high, and a lot of kids know about it.

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Physical Signs of Abuse

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Confusion
• Poor coordination

• Rapid heart rate
• Dizziness
• Inability to move arms legs
• Slowed breathing

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DILATED PUPIL

• Other drugs, such as marijuana, LSD, cocaine,
  shrooms, and amphetamines cause pupil
  dilation.taken from Wikipedia

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PUPIL CONSTRICTION

• Certain drugs cause constriction of the pupils,
  such as alcohol and opioids.

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QUICK GUIDE TO SIGNS OF SUBSTANCE USAGE

• Alcohol breathe smells like alcohol, dilated
  pupils, cheerful, noisy, more guts, loss of
  shyness.
• Hashish/weed red eyes, dilated pupils, cheerful,
  sleepy, slow, ignorant about what has just been
  said, giggling, hungry, heavy arms and legs.
• XTC dilated pupils, cheerful, energetic and
  talkative. The days after exhausted, down and
  empty.
• Amphetamines dilated pupils, energetic,
  talkative, pale, and restless. The days after
  down, empty, exhausted and irritated.
• Cocaine dilated pupils (not always), go to the
  toilet often, cheerful, energetic, talkative,
  reckless, pale, restless, irritated, hot
  tempered. The days after down, empty, exhausted.
  
• LSD dilated pupils, weird ideas, hallucinations.
  
• Heroin narrow pupils, almost closed eyelids, a
  faraway look, passive, quiet, slow breath

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Drug Paraphernalia
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Common Drug Paraphernalia
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Inconspicuous Drug Paraphernalia