Prehistoric Native American Cultures

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Prehistoric Native American Cultures
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Read The First Indians and answer the questions
below

• How long have people occupied land along the
  Lumbee River?
• What were the earliest Indians called?
• What did Paleo-Indians eat?
• How did Paleo-Indians get the materials to make
  their tools?
• What is a nomad?

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Read The First Indians and answer the questions
below

• How long have people occupied land along the
  Lumbee River?
• 14,000 years
• What were the earliest Indians called?
• Paleo-Indians
• What did Paleo-Indians eat?
• Large small animals anything they could
  collect
• How did Paleo-Indians get the materials to make
  their tools?
• Had to get stones from the Piedmont or traded
• What is a nomad?
• People move from place to place frequently,
  usually following the hunt

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Read Indian Culture Changed and answer the
questions below

• Why did the Paleo-Indian period come to an end?
• What was the second period of prehistory called?
• Define semi-sedentary.
• Name some of the tools of the Archaic period.
• What was the most amazing tool of the Archaic
  period? What did this tool do?

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Read Indian Culture Changed and answer the
questions below

• Why did the Paleo-Indian period come to an end?
• What was the second period of prehistory called?
• Define semi-sedentary.
• Name some of the tools of the Archaic period.
• What was the most amazing tool of the Archaic
  period? What did this tool do?

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Read Indians Became Farmers and answer the
questions below

• What caused the end of the Archaic period?
• What was the third period of prehistory called?
• What caused the change in prehistoric periods?
• What two other important inventions occurred
  during this period?
• How many Woodland-type villages probably existed
  in Robeson County?

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Read Indians Became Farmers and answer the
questions below

• What caused the end of the Archaic period?
• What was the third period of prehistory called?
• What caused the change in prehistoric periods?
• What two other important inventions occurred
  during this period?
• How many Woodland-type villages probably existed
  in Robeson County?

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Read An Indian Influence From The South and
answer the questions below

• Where did Mississippians cultures live?
• What types of activities took place in
  Mississippian ceremonial centers?
• Define egalitarian.
• Were Mississippian people egalitarian? Explain.

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Starter February 14 (Happy Day)

• Using your notes on Prehistory
• Write a ONE description of EACH prehistoric
  period on each post-it note you were given (1st
  post-it, write one description of the
  Paleo-Indian period 2nd post-it write one
  description of the Archaic period 3rd post-it
  write one description of the Woodland times.)
• DO NOT write the name of the period on the card
• Write your name of the back of the post-in notes

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Terms to know

• Culture
• Agriculture
• Ceramics
• Aesthetic
• Egalitarian
• Chiefdoms
• State

• Prehistory
• Kinship
• Extended Family
• Nomads
• Technology
• Projectile Points

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What is PREHISTORY?

• History before there was written language
• There was history before it was written down, but
  some societies just didnt write
• Native American societies were oral and have
  always been aware of their history, even without
  writing it down.

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Three Phases of Prehistory in North Carolina

• Paleo-Indian Period
• Archaic Period
• Woodland Times (includes the Mississippian
  Culture)

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Bering Strait Theory

• During the last Ice Age (25,000-35,000 years ago)
  people began populating North America, coming
  across the Bering Strait from Asia
• Around 14,000 years ago, North America was fully
  populated by people

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How do we know about the people that lived before
history was recorded?
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Various levels of social organization among
prehistoric Native Americans
Bands (20-35 people)
Tribes (several bands)
Chiefdoms (100-300 people)
States (thousands of people)
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Paleo-Indian Period (14,000-12,000 Years Ago)

• Family
• People lived in bands (20-35 people), with 2 or 3
  extended families
• Natural leadership developed
• The social structure was based on kinship and
  skills

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Paleo-Indian Period

• Way of Life
• Nomads who moved with the hunt (mostly ate meat
  and hunted big game)
• The archeological sites left by these people are
  few with few deposits, probably because they were
  nomads
• In North Carolina, at least one Paleo-Indian site
  has been found in every county

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Paleo-Indian Period

• Technology
• Only stone material is found from this period
• They had some of the finest tools in prehistory
• Projectile points are most of what is found (tips
  of spears, darts, lances, etc.)

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Projectile Points Arrow Heads

• What are the differences?

Projectile points were created before arrow
heads. Arrow heads were not invented until
around 4000 years ago
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Projectile Points and Arrowheads of
North Carolina
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The end of the Ice Age causes changes

• Global warming occurs between 12,000 10,000
  years ago (it took about 2000 years)
• It causes forests to change, thus food sources
  change
• Something else key happens.
• Culture evolves

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Archaic Period (10,000-4,000 years ago)

• Family
• Bands got larger, containing 50-75 people
• Tribes began to evolve consisting of closely
  related bands of people tied together by kinship

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Archaic Period (10,000-4,000 years ago)

• Way of Life
• The archeological sites found from this period
  are larger
• The people are semi-sedentary, not moving as much
  (they move with the seasons rather than the hunt)
• They are still hunter-gatherers (nuts, berries,
  plant material)

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Archaic Period

• Technology
• People begin making tools, to make other tools.
• They create more diverse and advanced tools such
  as
• Grinding stones
• Dishes
• Stone net sinkers
• Fish hooks
• Awls (engraving tool)
• Drills
• Scrapers
• Atlatl (Spear thrower)

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Describe the cultures of the people of the early
prehistoric America.
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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North Carolina Archeological Sites
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After the Paleo-Indian and Archaic Periods,
culture begins to evolve on its own, and is not
influenced by climactic changes, as before during
times of global warming. Three inventions
drastically change life for Native Americans.
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Woodland Times(4000- 250 years ago)

• Marked by three inventions
• Agriculture
• Ceramics
• Bow Arrow

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Agriculture

• No more hunting and gathering
• People begin to live in one place and stop moving
• Cultures become more complex when people arent
  moving as much (music, art, religion, government,
  social structure)
• Involves knowledge of your environment
• Mostly women were the farmers

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Ceramics

• The development of ceramics allowed people to
  become sedentary
• Ceramics were used as storage
• Ceramics were used to transport goods

• They were crafted mostly by women
• They eventually become aesthetic (appreciated for
  its beauty)

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Bows Arrows

• Bows and arrows were created around 4000 years
  ago
• They were used to hunt small game
• They were also used in fighting

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Woodland Times (4000-250 years ago)

• Villages
• People lived in permanent villages of about
  100-300 people
• They were farmers
• They lived in egalitarian organizations

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Woodland Times

• The Chiefdom
• Organized into tribes and chiefdoms
• Within tribes, there were clans which were ranked
  to create a social order

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Woodland Times

• Ways of Life
• Some Woodland people buried their dead in burial
  mounds
• They began to decorate more- polished and stamped
  pottery, polished stone tools, and used bones,
  copper, and shells and ornaments

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Mississippian Culture (1500-1100 years ago)

• During the Woodland Times, a unique culture
  arises, known as the
• Mississippian Culture.

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Create a stickman of a person from the Woodland
Times
Head Thoughts/ Dreams
Eyes Saw/ Visions
Heart Feelings/Desires
Hands Actions/ Accomplishments
Feet Travels

• Remember
• Dont repeat
• Use your imagination!

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Mississippian Culture

• Towns
• Large populated towns with ceremonial centers
• Surrounding the ceremonial centers were villages

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Mississippian Culture

• The State
• The society of Mississippian cultures was very
  structured, in order to build the mounds and
  ceremonial centers
• People had to carry
• basketload of dirt to
• create the mounds
• These societies were
• states (nations)

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Mississippian Culture

• Truncated Mounds
• The ceremonial centers were truncated mounds
  (mounds with the tops cut off)
• The purpose of the mound was to provide a place
  for ceremonial activities
• Occasionally people were buried there

Click here to take a virtual field trip of Town
Creek Indian Mound in Mt. Gilead, NC.
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BINGO

• Aesthetic
• Bow arrow
• Mississippian culture
• Ceremonial center
• Trunicated mound
• Indigenous
• Technology
• Oral
• Women
• Big game
• Town Creek Indian Mound
• FREE SPACE

• Prehistory
• Paleo-Indian Period
• Bands
• Extended family
• Ice Age
• Nomads
• Archaic Period
• Semi-sedentary
• Projectile points
• Atlatl
• Woodland period
• Ceramics
• Agriculture