Prehistoric Period and First Contacts

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Prehistoric Period and First Contacts
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GPS SS8H1

• The student will evaluate the development of
  Native American Cultures and the impact of
  European exploration and settlement on the Native
  American cultures in Georgia.

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Task 1With a sheet of paper, make three columns
under three Categories. Only fill in the first
two columns from the left.
What do you know about how Native Americans lived before Europeans arrived? (For example foods, shelter, tools, families) What would you like to know about how the Native Americans lived? What did you learn about how the Native Americans lived before the Europeans arrived in the New World?

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• Did Native Americans culture have a written
  language?
• If not, how do we know what we do about them?

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SS8H1a Describe the evolution of Native American
cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian) prior to European contact

• Tasks 2 During the video clip, think of these
  questions
• What is an archeologist?
• Why would artifacts be considered garbage?
• Who were the people who greedily seized the
  lands of the red men in Georgia?

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Tasks 3 When watching the video on Primitive
Technology, ask yourself these questions

• What materials did the Native Americans use to
  make daily living items?
• What did the Native Americans make Dance Masks
  out of?
• How did Native Americans hand down stories to
  the next generation?
• Native Americans used river cane poles to make
  what items?
• What type of stone was utilized to make tools?

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Task 4Place the dates and events on the
appropriate location of the blank time line

• CENTRAL GEORGIA
  TIMLINE
• 12,000 B.C. Paleo Indian Period Ice Age Nomadic
  big game hunters (Clovis Culture)
• 9,000 B.C. Transitional Period Adjustments to
  the changing environment as the Ice Age ends
• 8,000 B.C. Archaic Period use of atlatl (spear
  thrower), ground stone tools and ornaments
• 2,500 B.C. First pottery, revolutionized cooking
  and storage methods
• 1,000 B.C. Woodland Period Finer pottery
  decorated bow and arrow, gardening (sunflower,
  gourds, etc.) semi-permanent villages with
  burial mounds
• 900 A.D. Early Mississippian Period intensive
  agriculture (corn, beans and squash planted)
  Large temple and burial mounds

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• 1350 A.D. Late Mississippian Period The Lamar
  Culture Towns,
• 1540 A.D Spaniard Hernando De Soto, traveled
  through the interior of Georgia.

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SS8H1a

• Describe the evolution of Native American
  cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
  Mississippian) prior to European contact.

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Evolution of Native American society

• Essential Question What caused the early
  prehistoric societies to migrate, and once they
  stopped their nomadic existence, how did their
  society change?

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Paleo Indian Culture
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Paleo Indian Culture
Years 12,000 to 8000 B.C. (BCE)
Social Groupings Nomadic, small groups (i.e. 25) Buried dead with artifacts
Shelter/ Homes Caves, Animal Hides
Weapons/ Tools Spears (Clovis points), Atlatl
Food Bison, Mammoth, Giants Sloths
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Archaic Indian Culture
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Archaic Indian Culture
Years 8000 to 1000 B.C. (BCE) (Late Archaic around 2500 B.Cpottery)
Social Groupings Camps, Clans (100 to 200)
Shelter/ Homes Crude shelters, stayed in one place longer
Weapons/ Tools Atlatl and spear Drills, bones, needles, hooks
Food Deer, rabbits, seafood, fish Wild berries, grains and fruit
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Woodland Indian Culture
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Woodland Era Indian Culture
Years 1000 B.C. to 800 A.D.
Social Groupings Tribes, villages with defense perimeters
Shelters/ Homes Permanent domed huts with grass roofs, burial mounds
Weapons/ Tools Bow and Arrow, axes, flint Pottery
Foods Gardening of small plants, such as sunflowers, pumpkins, squash, etc. Small game
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Mississippian Indian Culture
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Mississippian Indian Culture
Years 900 A.D. to 1600 A.D.
Social Groupings Tribal councils in earth lodges, High Priest and/or chief lives on highest mound Social classes and division of labor
Shelters/ Homes Large Communities (2,000) with plaza in center and Temple (ceremonial) Mounds Homes same as Woodland period
Weapons/ Tools Bow and Arrow stone axes and farming tools cooper headdresses
Food Intensive farming (maize, beans, squash, and pumpkins), small game
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Task 5Make three columns and identify some of
the elements of Creek and Cherokee culture (use
pages 84 to 91 in Textbook as resource)
Creeks Cherokees
Meaning of name
Location
Tribal government
Villages
Homes/Family
Livelihood
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• Sheet on Cumulative Topics of Economic in Georgia
  History (First
  Semester 2008)
• SS8E1 The Student will give examples of the
  kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia
  in different historical periods.
• Goods Any item that can be _____________,
  _________, or _____________.
• Service Any action that one does for another in
  exchange for some form of _____________
• (money, service or product).
• Resource Anything used to ____________ (land,
  labor, or natural resource) a good or service.
• Economics The study of how we make decisions to
  allocate _________ resources in order to meet our
  ______________ wants.
• Medium of Exchange Any item that someone may
  want or need. The more people want or need the
  item, the higher its _________________.
• 1 BARTER ECONOMY

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1 Barter Economy

• Basic ideas behind bartering in 15 words or
  less!!

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• If we had NO money and currency, we would have to
  rely on the bartering system.
• For what items (or services) and how much would
  you trade for a
• 1. pass to the bathroom
• 2. a pencil
• 3. a student planner
• 4. a gym bag or backpack
• 5. week worth of lunches

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• SS8H1b Evaluate the impact of European contact
  on Native American cultures including the Spanish
  missions along the Barrier Islands, and the
  exploration of De Soto
• SS8H1c Explain reasons for European exploration
  and settlement in North America, with emphasis on
  the interests of the French, Spanish, and English
  in the southeastern area.

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Write these questions down and find answers in
the power point slides

• 1. Who were the middlemen, and why did western
  Europeans try to avoid them?
• 2. What were the reasons why Cortez was able to
  defeat the Aztec Empire? Motive?
• 3. Which institution assisted Pizarro in
  conquering the Inca Empire? Who was more
  ruthless?

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Eurasian Trade Routes
Asian traders
Muslim traders
Italian merchants

• What happens to the price of goods every time
  they change hands?

• Therefore, who became REALLY wealthy from the
  Eurasian trade routes?

The price goes up!
Italian merchants!
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Which individuals or groups in Georgia History
were influence by the conquistadors?

1. Hernando De Soto (1540s)
2. Spanish Missions along the barrier islands

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Task 6Watch video clip on De Soto and think
about these questions

• What was De Soto searching for when he explored
  Georgia?
• Although outnumbered, what advantages did De Soto
  and his men have over the Native Americans in GA?
• Why was his expedition a failure?
• What legacy (one good and one bad) did De Soto
  leave on the history of Georgia?

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Task 7 Write out and answer the following
question on a separate sheet of paper

• What do you think the Native Americans thought
  when they saw De Sotos men arrive riding horses
  and dressed in metal armor and helmets?
• In your opinion, what type of man was De Soto?

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The Spanish

• Founded St. Augustine in 1565
• First Spanish mission in 1566 on St. Catherines
  Island
• Missions covered area along the barrier islands
  and coastal plain called Guale (named after one
  of the local tribes)
• Purposes
• a. Convert natives to Christianity
• b. Assimilate tribesmen
• c. Physical presence against French and
  English

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V. Decline of Spanish missions

1. Diseases and overworked men
2. Slave-raids by British and allies (Yamasee who
   later work with Georgia colony)
3. Spanish Empire losing world power after Spanish
   Armada in 1588.
4. Last mission remained until 1684

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The French

1. Founded Fort Caroline at mouth of St. Johns
   River (near Jacksonville)
2. Wanted base to battle Spanish for control of
   southeast and steal gold
3. Spanish captured fort and drove out French
4. French remain in Mississippi River and New Orleans

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The English

• Reasons for exploring
• and settling the southeastern area
• a. Overcrowding in England
• b. Compete with Spanish and French
• c. Religious freedom
• d. Economic opportunities

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• Jamestown started in 1607
• Carolina colony founded in 1670 (built Charleston
  in 1670)
• Ocmulgee trading post (located by the mounds)
  founded in 1690.
• a. 1703 Col. James Moore and Creek
  warriors devastated the Spanish mission system
• b. 1715 Yamassee War, 90 of the English
  traders were killed.
• c. British and Creeks defeat and push
  Yamassees back to Florida
• V. 1721 to 1728 Fort King George was built at
  mouth of Altamaha River (buffer against Spanish)