Prehistoric Period and First Contacts

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Prehistoric Period and First Contacts
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GPS SS8H1

• The student will evaluate the development of
  Native American Cultures and the impact of
  European exploration and settlement on the Native
  American cultures in Georgia.

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SS8H1a

• Describe the evolution of Native American
  cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
  Mississippian) prior to European contact.

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Paleo Indian Culture
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Paleo Indian Culture
Years 12,000 to 8000 B.C. (BCE)
Social Groupings Nomadic, small groups (i.e. 25) Buried dead with artifacts
Shelter/ Homes Caves, Animal Hides
Weapons/ Tools Spears (Clovis points), Atlatl
Food Bison, Mammoth, Giants Sloths
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Archaic Indian Culture
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Archaic Indian Culture
Years 8000 to 1000 B.C. (BCE) (Late Archaic around 2500 B.Cpottery)
Social Groupings Camps, Clans (100 to 200)
Shelter/ Homes Crude shelters, stayed in one place longer
Weapons/ Tools Atlatl and spear Drills, bones, needles, hooks
Food Deer, rabbits, seafood, fish Wild berries, grains and fruit
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Woodland Indian Culture
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Woodland Era Indian Culture
Years 1000 B.C. to 800 A.D.
Social Groupings Tribes, villages with defense perimeters
Shelters/ Homes Permanent domed huts with grass roofs, burial mounds
Weapons/ Tools Bow and Arrow, axes, flint Pottery
Foods Gardening of small plants, such as sunflowers, pumpkins, squash, etc. Small game
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Mississippian Indian Culture
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Mississippian Indian Culture
Years 900 A.D. to 1600 A.D.
Social Groupings Tribal councils in earth lodges, High Priest and/or chief lives on highest mound Social classes and division of labor
Shelters/ Homes Large Communities (2,000) with plaza in center and Temple (ceremonial) Mounds Homes same as Woodland period
Weapons/ Tools Bow and Arrow stone axes and farming tools cooper headdresses
Food Intensive farming (maize, beans, squash, and pumpkins), small game
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Make three columns and identify some of the
elements of Creek and Cherokee culture (use pages
84 to 91 in Textbook as resource)
Creeks Cherokees
Meaning of name
Location
Tribal government
Villages
Homes/Family
Livelihood
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• SS8H1b Evaluate the impact of European contact
  on Native American cultures including the Spanish
  missions along the Barrier Islands, and the
  exploration of De Soto
• SS8H1c Explain reasons for European exploration
  and settlement in North America, with emphasis on
  the interests of the French, Spanish, and English
  in the southeastern area.

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First Explorer in Georgia
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The Spanish

• Founded St. Augustine in 1565
• First Spanish mission in 1566 on St. Catherines
  Island
• Missions covered area along the barrier islands
  and coastal plain called Guale (named after one
  of the local tribes)
• Purposes
• a. Convert natives to Christianity
• b. Assimilate tribesmen
• c. Physical presence against French and
  English

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V. Decline of Spanish missions

1. Diseases and overworked men
2. Slave-raids by British and allies (Yamasee who
   later work with Georgia colony)
3. Spanish Empire losing world power after Spanish
   Armada in 1588.
4. Last mission remained until 1684

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The French

1. Founded Fort Caroline at mouth of St. Johns
   River (near Jacksonville)
2. Wanted base to battle Spanish for control of
   southeast and steal gold
3. Spanish captured fort and drove out French
4. French remain in Mississippi River and New Orleans

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The English

• Reasons for exploring
• and settling the southeastern area
• a. Overcrowding in England
• b. Compete with Spanish and French
• c. Religious freedom
• d. Economic opportunities

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• Jamestown started in 1607
• Carolina colony founded in 1670 (built Charleston
  in 1670)
• Ocmulgee trading post (located by the mounds)
  founded in 1690.
• a. 1703 Col. James Moore and Creek
  warriors devastated the Spanish mission system
• b. 1715 Yamassee War, 90 of the English
  traders were killed.
• c. British and Creeks defeat and push
  Yamassees back to Florida
• V. 1721 to 1728 Fort King George was built at
  mouth of Altamaha River (buffer against Spanish)