PORT STATE CONTROL OF SHIPS An Overview

1
PORT STATE CONTROL OF SHIPSAn Overview

• By
• Ajoy Chatterjee
• Principal Officer
• Mercantile Marine Department
• Mumbai

2
OVERVIEW STRUCTURE
3
MERCANTILE MARINE DEPARTMENT MUMBAI
4
FUNCTIONS OF MMD, MUMBAI

• SURVEYS / CERTIFICATIONS
• SAFETY EQUIPMENT, SAFETY
• RADIO, LOAD LINE, IOPP, ETC.
• SAFCON, SEQ, SRT, SAFMAN
• CERT. PLAN APPROVALS.

5
FUNCTIONS OF MMD, MUMBAI

• INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATION
• FLAG STATE INSPECTION
• - PORT STATE CONTROL

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TRAINING FACILITIES IN INDIA DIRECTOR GENERAL OF
SHIPPING OTHERS TRAINING INSTITUTIONS MMDS
POST SEA PRE
SEA MUMBAI CALCUTTA DELHI
CHENNAI MUMBAI DELHI CALCUTTA
GOA VIZAG COHIN
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EXAMINATION CENTRES WITHIN THE
COUNTRY DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF SHIPPING (
MINISTRY OF SURFACE TRANSPORT ) OTHERS
TRAINING INSTITUTION MMD (
EXAMINATION CENTERS )
MMD MMD MMD MUMBAI CHENNAI CALCUTTA
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PORT STATE CONTROL Need For Control
1. To complement Flag state implementation 2.
Vessels do not call at Flag state regularly 3.
Difficult to appoint inspectors or
recognized organizations at foreign port
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4. Breakdown of equipment in-between
surveys may occur. 5. Prevent operation of
sub-standard ships while avoiding competition
between ports 6. Contribute towards a)
increased level of safety (SOLAS) b)
protection of marine environment c) improved
living conditions
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PORT STATE INSPECTION FLOW DIAGRAM
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PORT STATE INSPECTION FLOW DIAGRAM
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WHAT IS A SUBSTANDARD SHIP
? Substandard is defined in IMO Resolution
A.787(19) as being substantially below the
standards required but is interpreted to
widely varying degrees from one organisation
to another.
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? They also know that substandard ships
dont just happen ! It is a
commercial decision by someone
somewhere
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PORT STATE CONTROL
Examples of More Detailed Inspections
? General inspections of the state of engine
room presence of traces of oil in
bilges. ? Ships routine of disposing oil-
contaminated water from engine room
spaces. ? Closer examination of ships
equipment ? Check for any unapproved
modifications made to equipment system.
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PORT STATE CONTROL
Invalid certificates or ship/equipment do not
correspond to certificates

• ? Under the provisions of the Conventions port
  State may
• Detain a ship until deficiencies have been
  rectified
• A vessel is detained when a deficiency is
  found which
• must be rectified before it sails.
• Permit a ship to sail with deficiencies
  subject to
• conditions

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PORT STATE CONTROL
Avoid unduly detaining or delaying ships
? If equipment/system can be shown onboard
and functional. ? If alternative equipment can be
used. ? If deficiencies does not affect safety
nor caused harm to environment. ? If the ship
can be allowed to sail to the next nearest
port for rectifying deficiencies.
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Key Questions on I.S.M (Vis-a-vis PSC)1.
N.C. reports of last one year C A taken.2.
Records of Internal audits carried out.3.
Report of Masters review action taken by
DP/Company.
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Involvement of classification society as a result
of identification of ISM-Code- related deficiency
during PSC Inspections.Case reference Name of
ship FAL XVIIIType
of Ship Oil
TankerIMO No.
6402705Flag of the Ship
U.A.E.Name of ISM Auditors Bureau
VeritasThe seriousness of the deficiencies
noted during PSC Inspection necessitated a
verification audit by the Class Concerned
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Major N.Cs 3 nos. On ISM Code references
(1) 10.2 Maintenance (2) 6.5 Training
(3) 6.0 Resource PersonnelN.Cs 5 nos.On
ISM Code references (1) 12.1 Company
Verification(2) 10.2 Maintenance (3) 12.0
Company Verification review(4) 7.0
Shipboard Operation (5) 10.3 Maintenance of
critical equipment.
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SUMMARY OF PORT STATE CONTROL INSPECTION OF
VESSELS FROM JULY 1999 TO June 2000 BY
PSCOs OF MERCANTILE MARINE DEPARTMENT, MUMBAI.
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? Unnecessary inspection of good ships
are avoided, thereby the crew are not
unduly disturbed and are able to do
their routine work, and are also able to
enjoy rest and recreation while the ship is in
port.
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? A PSCOs precious time and effort is not
unnecessarily wasted. ? Well maintained ships,
will inspire confidence of prospective
clients. ? Sub-standard ships and their
operators will be forced to take immediate
corrective measures to remain in business.
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The PSC regime of Mercantile Marine Department,
Mumbai, has achieved this objective to a large
extent, as can be seen from the following table
which indicates the results of the last 12 months
with an overall average detention rate of 78.5.
We have been able to achieve this by constantly
enhancing the skills of our PSCOs by continuous
advice and instructions and peer review of
their inspection reports.
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Number of ships inspected/detained
Mo-nth Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
INS. 11 16 10 11 8 16 20 8 13 8 15 17
DET 11 16 9 10 6 10 17 7 9 4 12 9
100 100 90 90 75 63 85 88 69 50 80 52
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Number of Ships Inspected Detained
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Type of Ships Inspected
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Annual Inspection by Ship Type
14
5
44
21
6
10
28
Types of Ships detained
29
Annual detention by ship type
17
42
5
17
8
11
30
Number of Ships detained as per Flag
31
Percentage of ships detained as per flag
14
7
55
9
12
3
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REPORT ON PORT STATE CONTROL INSPECTIONFor the
month of May 2000

• Name of reporting Authority
• 2. Reporting Period
• 3. Total number of Inspections
• Total number of ship with deficiencies
• Total number of deficiencies (Note 1)

• Principal Officer, Mercantile Marine
  Department, Mumbai INDIA.
• May, 2000
• 15
• 15
• 198

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• 6. Total number of detentions
• 7. Deficiencies according to the Flag
• 8. Deficiencies according to the type of ships
• 9. Deficiencies according to classification
  Societies (note 2)
• Deficiencies according to the nature

• 12
• as per Format I, enclosed
• as per Format II, enclosed.
• as per Format III, enclosed.
• as per Format IV, enclosed.

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Notes

• Deficiencies are counted in the manner that
  deficiencies under the same sub-item are counted
  individually, e.g.3 deficiencies under code
  number 0711 and 2 deficiencies under code number
  0740 are counted as 5 deficiencies under the main
  item 0700.
• The table lists the societies with which the
  ships are classed. The defects for which a ship
  is detained are not always associated with items,
  which are under survey by a classification
  society.

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Summary of main items of deficiency code are as
hereunder -

• Ship Certificates 0100
• 3. Accommodation 0300
• 5. Working Spaces 0500
• 7. Fire Fighting
• Appliances 0700
• 9. Safety in General 0900
• 11. Cargo 1100
• 13. Mooring
• Arrangements 1300
• 15. Navigation 1500
• 17. Marpol Annex I 1700
• Marpol Annex II 1900
• 21. Marpol Operational
• Defects 2100
• 23. Other Deficiencies 9000

• 2. Crew 0200
• 4. Food and Catering 0400
• 6. Life Saving Appliances 0600
• 8. Accident Prevention 0800
• 10. Alarm Signals 1000
• 12. Load Lines 1200
• 14. Propulsion
• Auxiliary Machinery 1400
• 16. Radio 1600
• 18. Tankers 1800
• 20. Solas Operational
• Defects 2000
• 22. Marine Pollution
• Annex III 2200

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FORMAT I7. Report of Port State Control
Inspection for the month of May,
2000DEFICIENCIES AS PER FLAG
SR. NO. FLAG NO. OF INSPEC-TION NO. OF SHIP WITH DEFICI-ENCIES NO. OF DEFICIE-NCIES AS PER CODE NO. OF DETEN-TION NO. OF DAYS DETAINED
1 SINGAPORE ASEAN PREMIER CONTINENTAL GLORY 2 2 200-1 300-1 600-7 700-5 900-1 1000-18 2 5 3
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2 MALTA GALINA II ASTERIAS 2 2 300-1 700-2 900-3 1000-24 2 19 4
3 PORT LOUIS HARARE 1 1 100-1 600-2 900-1 1000-2 1 9
4 BAHAMAS JONY P 1 1 600-5 700-1 1000-11 1 5
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5 THAILAND THOR SEA 1 1 700-1 900-1 1000-5 - -
6 KUWAIT IBN KHALLIKAN 1 1 200-1 600-3 700-1 900-1 1000-5 2000-1 1 3
7 SAIGON PHUONG DONG-3 1 1 200-1 600-6 700-5 900-3 1000-4 2000-1 1 7
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8 HONG KONG GREAT CALM 1 1 NO APPARENT DEFICIENCIES - -
9 BULGARIA KAPITAN PETKO VOIVODA 1 1 300-1 600-4 700-3 900-3 1000-9 1 11
10 PANAMA AMER OIL EVER FOREST 2 2 300-3 600-2 700-1 900-1 1000-12 2 10 4
40
11 MALTESE GREEN STAR 1 1 600-1 700-1 1000-1 - -
12 QATAR HIJAZ 300-2 600-6 700-2 900-1 1000-20 1 5
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FORMAT II8. Report of Port State Control
Inspection for the month of May,
2000DEFICIENCIES AS PER TYPE OF SHIP
SR. NO. TYPE OF SHIP NO. OF INSPEC-TION NO. OF SHIP WITH DEFICI-ENCIES NO. OF DEFICIE-NCIES AS PER CODE NO. OF DETEN-TION NO. OF DAYS DETAINED
1 BULK CARRIER ASEAN PREMIER CONTINENTAL GLORY ASTERIAS EVER FOREST GREAT CALM 5 5 200-1 300-2 600-9 700-7 900-4 1000-31 4 5 3 4 4 -
2 DRY CARGO GALINA II 1 1 700-1 1000-4 1 19
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3 MULTI PURPOSE VESSEL HARARE 1 1 100-1 600-2 900-1 1000-2 1 9
4 GENERAL CARGO JONY-P THOR SEA IBN KHALLIKAN PHUONG DONG-3 KAPITAN PETKO VOIVODA HIJAZ 6 6 200-2 300-3 600-24 700-13 900-9 1000-54 2000-2 5 5 - 3 7 11 5
5 OIL TANKER AMER OIL GREEN STAR 2 2 300-3 600-1 700-1 900-1 1000-10 1 10 -
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FORMAT III9. Report of Port State Control
Inspection for the month of May,
2000DEFICIENCIES AS PER CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY
SR. NO. CLASSIFICA-TION SOCIETY NO. OF INSPEC-TION NO. OF SHIP WITH DEFICI-ENCIES NO. OF DEFICIE-NCIES AS PER CODE NO. OF DETEN-TION NO. OF DAYS DETA-INED
1 NKK ASEAN PREMIER CONTINENTAL GLORY EVER FOREST GREAT CALM 4 4 200-1 300-1 600-9 700-6 900-1 1000-21 3 5 3 4 -
2 G.L. HARARE 1 1 100-1 600-2 900-1 1000-2 1 9
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3 ABS JONY-P 1 1 600-5 700-1 1000-11 1 5
4 LRS THOR SEA IBN KHALLIKAN PHUONG DONG-3 HIJAZ ASTERIAS 5 5 200-2 300-3 600-15 700-10 900-9 1000-44 2000-2 4 - 3 7 5 4
5 CH.OF STATE/INSPECTORATE OF SHIPPING KAPITAN PETKO VOIVODA 1 1 300-1 600-4 700-3 900-3 1000-9 1 11
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6 HRS AMER OIL 1 1 300-3 900-1 1000-9 1 10
7 RINA GREEN STAR 1 1 600-1 700-1 1000-1 - -
8 RUSSIAN MARITIME REGISTER OF SHIPPING GALINA - II 1 1 700-1 1000-14 1 19
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FORMAT IV10. Report of Port State Control
Inspection for the month of May, 2000NATURE OF
DEFICIENCIES
SR. NO. NATURE OF DEFICIENCIES NO.OF SHIP WITH DEFICIENCIES NO. OF DEFICIENCIES
1 100 1 1
2 200 3 3
3 300 5 8
4 600 10 36
5 700 12 22
6 900 9 15
7 1000 14 111
8 2000 2 2
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PORT STATE CONTROLA VIEW POINTRegulatory Bodies

• IMO Global Reactive and
  slow
• Class (IACS) Global Reactive and
• 
  Pro-active
• EU Regional Reactive, but
  quick
• Flag States National
  Reactive/Pro-active
• Port States National/ Reactive
• Regional
• Trend in legislation
• National driving Regional driving Global

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Port State Regime

• Targeting of high risk ships.
• Mandatory inspection every 12 months of certain
  ship types. More than 2 detentions in 1 year may
  lead to access refusal.
• Information to Flag and Class mandatory
• Information and Transparency
• Ship/owner/cargo reporting prior arrival.
• Previous survey by PSC/Class reported
• Corrective actions follow-up by PSC and CS

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Flag State Regime

• Reliance upon recognised organisations.
• Continuous improvement of class performance
• Suspension if non-compliant or non-improving
• Only exclusive surveyors for Flag State surveys
• Professional liability, limited financial
  liability
• TOCA (Transfer of Class Agreement) part of
  Directive

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Complementary Future Proposals

• EQUASIS ship information database. Active since
  01.06.2000. Reports/data/facts. No analysis.
• Strengthened Vessel Traffic Management
• A European Maritime Safety Agency. Supervision
  of National Mar. Adm.

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Agenda for Enhancing Safety

• Bulk carrier safety UR implementation
• Formal Safety Assessment
• ESP for tankers scope extension
• Strengthening for ships above 15 years
• Annual examination of ballast tanks next to
• cargo tanks with heating coils
• Scope of intermediate survey hull equal to
  
• preceding special survey, with drydocking
  
• and UTM.
• 2 exclusive surveyors on RS/IS, ships above
  
• 20.000 tdw
• UTM witnessed or by Society itself or by
• direct subcontract to the Society.

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• General dry cargo casualty analysis, ESP ?
• ISM implementation
• Uniformity of scantling standards
• Flag State relations
• Port Sate relations
• Self policing/Code of Ethics
• Class suspensions and TOCA

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• Amendments to Existing Rules
• Structural assessment (incl. Local
• strength/fatigue) from 3rd RS.
• MARPOL revision proposal to MEPC large
• bunker tanks protective location, e.g.
• container ships
• Permanent repairs of major deficiencies at
• survey extension from bulk carriers to
  all
• vessels
• IACS guidelines on coating to become UR ?

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• ISM SMC
• Harmonisation recommended to IMO and
• EU. Annual ISM/SMC surveys?
• ISM and Class deficiencies reciprocal
• consequences.
• Exclusive surveyors on all statutory surveys
  from 01.07.2001. Leads to co-operation between
  class societies.

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Initiatives

• Transparency
• List of Suspensions and class withdrawals
  
• on the Internal Home Page.
• Vessels status available to Flag
• Administration on the Internet.
• Information on sister vessel problems other
  
• class societies.
• Two surveyors for Renewal Intermediate Surveys
  of vessels gt 20000 dwt under ESP after 15 years
  of Age.
• Thickness measurements will be witnessed by an
  exclusive surveyor if not arranged by class
  societies.

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• Annual Internal Examination of ballast tanks
  adjacent to Cargo Tanks with heating coils for
  vessels above 15 years of age.
• Recommendation to IMO for Harmonisation of
  ISM/SMC audits with class surveys.
• IACS self-regulation and responsiveness improved.
• Crisis Management Team established. Response to
  media and internal quality assurance.
• Investigation Team for technical assistance to
  Flag State and Class Society involved in an
  accident.
• Management Review in Council of all IACS Members
  Quality System compliance.

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Perception and Focus
Where are we today ?

• Tanker Shipping has a Bad image as perceived by
  the public and politicians at large.
• Focus on substandard shipping is portraying
  shipping as a substandard and irresponsible
  industry in spite of
• Majority of ships are being maintained and
  operated at satisfactory standards of safety.

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Owners
Where are we today ?

• Tanker rates boosted following Erika. An upbeat
  mood. But older tankers difficult to employ.
• Major challenge is implementation of the ISM Code
  - it is a means to an end, not the end in
  itself.
• Qualified manning problems. STCW-95
  implementation expectations must be realistic
• Proliferation of inspections, - an inspection
  not a safety, culture
• Focus on under or worst performers not on
  high quality performers.
• PSC detention statistics are commonly used as a
  quality rating

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Expectations into the next Millennium

• A shipping industry perceived by the public at
  large to be safety and environment conscious
  and responsible
• No loss of life
• Pollution of the sea/air within acceptable limits
• Dramatically increasing concern for pollution of
  the environment
• Cost-effective designs, based on a life-cycle
  approach,

What is safe enough today may not be safe
enough tomorrow.
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Conclusion

• Enhanced PSC Inspection on a regional basis
• Some of the Initiative proposed are relevant
• We already have enough Regulations.
• Enhanced Survey Programme If followed
• ISM Code If Properly Implemented, Vessel shall
  ensure compliance with all applicable Rules,
  Regulations and best Operational Practices.

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Excellence is never achieved it recedes

• For this reason I.M.O.s motto is
• Safer Ships Cleaner Oceans

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Thank you for listening