Verksamhets- och aff

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Verksamhets- och affärssystem

• Att integrera verksamheten
• genom informationssystemet

INFORMATIONSFLÖDE
Transfer
Transfer
Transfer
Transfer
Transfer
Transfer
Transfer
Transfer
Customer
Vendor
Manufacturing
Distribution
Store
MATERIALFLÖDE
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Verksamhets- och affärssystem
Kunder
Att integrera verksamheten genom
informations- systemet
Partners
Företaget
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Kursinnehåll
Enterprise Modelling - Goal Modelling - Analysis
Patterns - FLBC - REA
Enterprise Application Integration - Message
Brokers - Process Integration
Enterprise Systems - Functionality - Architecture
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Systemaspekter
MÅL
uttrycker önskvärda tillstånd hos
styr
påverkar
HAND- LINGAR
OBJEKT
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Architectural Patterns

• Context
• Designing a living room
• Problem
• Making people feel comfortable
• Forces
• People want to sit down
• People want to be close to the light
• Solution
• Put a sitting place close to the windows

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Design Patterns

• Context
• Developing software with a human-computer
  interface
• Problem
• Interfaces vary often
• Forces
• Easy to modify the interface
• Modifying the interface should not impact the
  application logic
• Solution
• Model-View-Controller

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A Design Pattern - MVC
Model
core data
notify getData
View
myModel
display update
Controller
myView
handleEvent update
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Properties of Patterns

• Address recurring problems
• Document well-proven experience
• Specify abstract solutions

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Analysis Patterns
Person
Employment
Organisation
Period of Time
A person is employed in an organisation for a
period of time.
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Analysis Patterns
Person
Management Role
Organisation
Period of Time
A person has a certain management role for a
period of time.
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Analysis Patterns
Marriage
Person
Period of Time
Two people are married for a period of time.
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Accountability Pattern
1

1



responsible
commissioner
1
1
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Accountability Pattern
The Accountability Pattern can be used to model
situations where there exists a relationship of
responsibility between two parties -
Employment - Order - Contract - Membership -
Offering ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE specifies
different kinds of accountability. In an
employment context, it could contain permanent
employment, project employment, time limited
employment, etc.
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Accountability
Time period from 970101 to 001231
Accountability type name permanent
Accountability
commissioner
responsible
Person name Peter
Organisation name IBM
This instance diagram states that Peter is
employed by IBM 970101 - 001231.
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Hierarchy Pattern
The Hierarchy Pattern is used to describe
situations where certain objects are subordinated
to other objects.
USA
California
Washington
Massachusetts
San Francisco
Los Angeles
Seattle
Boston
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Measurable Properties
A person may have a large number of properties
that are quantitative.
PERSON
Name Blood pressure Weight Length Age Shoe
size Temperature IQ EQ
Representing all these properties in a schema
can make it exceedingly large.
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Measurement Pattern
Phenomenon type
1


1
1
Measurement
Object
Quantity

The Measurement Pattern enables a compact
representation of quantitative properties.
A measurement measures the quantity of a
phenomenon type for a certain object.
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Measurement Pattern
Phenomenon type name temperature
Quantity unit Celsius value 37.5
Measurement date 000101
Object name Peter
This instance diagram states that Peter has the
temperature 37.5 degrees Celsius 000101.
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Category Observation
Some properties are not quantitative, but rather
classify objects into different groups, for
example the gender or nationality of a person.
Phenomenon type
1


1
1
Category observation

Object
Category
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Category Observation
Phenomenon type name gender
Category value male
Category observation date 000101
Object name Peter
This instance diagram states that Peter has the
gender male 000101.
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Observation Pattern
Measurements and category obser-vations can be
combined into one pattern.
Phenomenon type
1


1
Observation
Object
Category observation
Measurement


1
1
Category
Quantity
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Action Pattern
An action is carried out by a party at a certain
point in time at a certain location.
An action may be only proposed or it may be
implemented, i.e. carried out.
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Action Pattern
Time point date 990101 time 2.00 a.m.
Time point date 990101 time 1.00 a.m.
Person name Peter
Proposed action name surgery
Implemented action name surgery
Location room C608
Location room C604
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Booking
Using this simple booking schema, we can express
that different resources are booked for different
time intervals. In some situations, we do not
want to book a specific resource, but rather a
general resource type. For example, we only state
that we want to book an anaesthesia nurse, it
does not matter who. In other cases, we really
want to book a specific nurse, say Ed Wallen.
BOOKING
From To

for
1
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Assets and other Resources
Some resources are consumed in an activity, e.g.
in a surgery blood plasma is consumed. Other
resources are not consumed in an activity but can
be reused. For example, a nurse is not consumed
in a surgery.
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Resource Allocation Pattern
1

1
1

TEMPORAL RESOURCE
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
From To
Quantity
1


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Resource Allocation
Three bags of blood plasma are allocated - we do
not care which ones.
Peter is allocated for two hours.
Asset Type name Nurse
Asset name Peter
Resource Type name Blood plasma
Temporal Resource from 0101, 04 to 0101, 06
General RA quantity 3
Specific RA
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Exercise
The Resource Allocation Pattern has a number of
limitations. Identify these and construct an
extension of the pattern that overcomes these
limitations. Consider whether it would be
worthwhile to have several variants of the
pattern to cover different situations.
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Action and Resource Allocation
A proposed action books resources, while an
implemented action uses resources.
uses
books
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Plans
The simplest way to model a plan is to say that
it consists of a number of proposed
actions. Example Plan for dinner party consists
of buying food, cooking, and making the
table. One limitation of this model is that we
cannot express dependencies between proposed
actions, i.e. that certain actions have to be
performed before others.

contains

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Plan Pattern
By adding a type ACTION REFERENCE, we can express
precedence relationships among proposed actions
in a plan. We can also add descriptions of the
role of an action within a plan, e.g. whether it
is optional or not.
1
contains


precedes
1
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Subtypes
One way to show different categories is to
introduce a number of subtypes. However, such a
solution may result in a very large schema.
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Powertypes
VEHICLE TYPE would have instances such as Car,
Truck, Boat, Bike, MC, Aeroplane, ...
1

VEHICLE would have instances such as abc123
(which is a Car), vv22 (which is a Boat), ...
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Applying Analysis Patterns
1. Identify the analysis patterns of the
domain 2. Modify each analysis pattern - Change
names of classes and relationships - Remove
classes and relationships 3. Integrate the
modified patterns
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Övning - Blodprovstagning

• En person kallas till blodprovstagning på en
  viss klinik vid en viss tidpunkt. För att
  blodprovet skall kunna genomföras behövs
  engångssprutor, bomullstussar och en sköterska.
  Blodprovet visar hur många röda resp. vita
  blodkroppar som finns i blodet, samt om personen
  har gulsot, diabetes, eller någon annan sjukdom.

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Identifiera mönster

• En person tar blodprov - Action Pattern
• Sprutor m.m. behövs - Resource Allocation Pattern
• Provresultatet - Observation Pattern

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Action Pattern
An action is carried out by a party at a certain
point in time at a certain location.
An action may be only proposed or it may be
implemented, i.e. carried out.
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Resource Allocation Pattern
1

1
1

TEMPORAL RESOURCE
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
From To
Quantity
1


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Observation Pattern
Measurements and category obser-vations can be
combined into one pattern.
Phenomenon type
1


1
Observation
Object
Category observation
Measurement


1
1
Category
Quantity
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FENOMENTYP
PERSON
OBSERVATION
KLINIK
TIDPUNKT
BLODMÅTT
KAT. OBSERVATION
KATEGORI
KVANTITET
BLODPROVS- PLANERING
BLODPROVSTAGNING
FÖRBRUKNINGSMATERIAL
SKÖTERSKA
SKÖTERSKE-SLOT
SPECIFIK RA
GENERELL RA
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Purpose of Goal Models

• Describing the goals of an enterprise
• Showing how the goals are interrelated
• Finding problems that hinder goal fulfilment
• Finding opportunities that facilitate goal
  fulfilment

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A Goal Model
A Goal Model for a Library
Goal2 To minimise library costs
hinders
Goal1 To provide advanced services to customers
supports
supports
Opportunity1 Advanced ICT
supports
Goal4 To main- tain high stock availability
Goal3 To deliver items electro- nically
Problem1 Intellectual Property Rights
hinders
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Components of a Goal Model
Goal A desired state
supports
hinders
conflicts
Problem A state of affairs that may hinder a goal
Two goals conflict if the fulfilment of one goal
makes it impossible to fulfil the other, and vice
versa
Opportunity A state of affairs that may support a
goal
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An Example
Goal 1 To sell at low prices
Goal 3 To get a luxury product image
Goal 2 To keep production costs down
Goal 3 To improve product quality
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An Example
Goal 1 To sell at low prices
Goal 3 To get a luxury product image
conflicts
supports
supports
Goal 2 To keep production costs down
Goal 3 To improve product quality
hinders
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Goal Decomposition
AND-decomposition
Goal 1 To build a high quality restaurant
Goal 2 To find appropriate facilities
Goal 3 To hire a good chef
Goal 4 To establish agree- ments with suppliers
Goal 5 To identify a number of good chefs
Goal 6 To design an offer that attracts a good
chef
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Goal Decomposition
OR-decomposition
Goal 1 To build an unusual restaurant
Goal 2 To put the rest. under water
Goal 3 To serve strange food
Goal 4 To make a strange interior decoration
Goal 5 To serve ...
Goal 6 To serve ...
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En övning
Examinera fler studenter
Höja kraven på examinationen
Ungdomskullarna minskar
Få fler sökande
Öka genomström- ningen
Ge bättre under- visning
Anställa bra lärare
IT-bubblan är borta
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En övning

• Presidentkandidaten Pelle ställer upp i ett val.
  Hans främsta
• motståndare är Eva. Konstruera en målmodell för
  följande
• Att vinna valet
• Att få stöd från EU-anhängare
• Att få stöd från EU-kritiker
• Att svärta ned motståndaren
• Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort
• Eva har använt svarta kreditkort
• Att ha många reklaminslag i tv
• Budgeten är begränsad

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Goal1 Att vinna valet