The Rise of Mass Democracy

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The Rise of Mass Democracy

• Chapter 13
• 1824-1840

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Changes in Politics

• Political Parties
• institutionalized divisions
• Checks and balances
• New Forms
• Banners, badges, parades, BBQs, free drinks,
  kissing babies
• Rise of Voter Turnout
• 1824 - 25of eligible voters voted
• 1828- 50
• 1840- 78

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The Election of 1824

• The Candidates
• John Quincy Adam- Massachusettes
• Henry Clay- Kentucky
• William Crawford- Georgia
• Andrew Jackson- Tennesse
• What do the candidates have in common?
• What was the problem with the election results?

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DEADLOCK!

• 12th Amendment
• House of Representatives must choose among the
  top three candidates
• Problem Clay- Speaker of House- eliminated!

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The Corrupt Bargain

• John Quincy Adams- PRESIDENT
• Henry Clay- Secretary of State

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John Quincy Adams

• Personality
• Stand on Issues
• National Projects
• Indian Policy

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Split in the Party

• National Republicans
• Adams

• Democratic-Republicans
• Jackson

MUDSLINGING AT ITS WORST!
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Election of 1828
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President Andrew Jackson

• Background
• Personality

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Spoils System

• Every good man is as good as his neighbor
• Bring in new blood!

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Tariff Issue

• Goal Protect Infant Industries
• Problem Drove prices up
• Sectional Differences
• Political Hot Potato- Tariff of 1828
• Black Tariff
• Tariff of Abomination
• Yankee Tariff

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Southern Concerns

• Southern Anxiety- SLAVERY
• Denmark Vesey Rebellion
• Aborted Slave rebellion
• Charleston, SC
• 1822

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The Southern Carolina Exposition

• Secretly written by John C. Calhoun
• Denounced tariff as unconstitutional and unjust.
• Called for nullification

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South Carolina NULLIES

• Their position
• Jacksons Response
• Result Compromise Tariff of 1833
• Thanks to Henry Clay!
• Force bill Bloody Bill

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Westward Expansion

• Federal Policy Towards Native Americans
• Washington
• Assimilation
• The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among
  Indians
• 1793- 20,000- literacy

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Cherokees

• Georgia
• Led white ways
• Abandoned semi-nomadic life
• Adopted a system of settled agriculture and some
  private property
• Sequoyah- alphabet
• Cherokee National Council
• Adopted a Constitution
• Along with- Creek,s Chocktawas, Chickasaws and
  Seminoles- Five Civilized Tribes

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Cherokees

• 1828 GA Legislature
• Declare Cherokee Tribal Council illegal
• Assert their authority over
• Indian Affairs
• Indian Lands
• Cherokees- Supreme Court
• Court upheld rights of Indians

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Jacksons Response

• John Marshall has made the decision, let him
  enforce it.

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Indian Removal Act

• Trail of Tears
• Black Hawkss Resistance
• Seminoles

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Primary Source Analysis

• End of the Trail Andrew Jackson and the
  Rationale for Indian Removal

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The Bank War

• Why did Jackson hate the bank?
• Jacksons dilemna

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Election of 1832

• Candidates
• Novel Features
• 3rd Party- Anti Masonic Party
• National Nominating Conventions

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Burying the Bank

• No more deposits
• Biddles Panic
• Pet Banks
• Specie Circular

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The Whigs

• Anti-Jackson
• organized incompatibility
• Supported Clays American System
• Southern States Righters
• Conservatives or Progressive?

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Election of 1836

• Candidate
• Issues
• Results

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Martin Van Burens Problems

• Anti Slavery Agitations
• Rebellion in Canada- threatens was with Britain
• Depression!

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Panic of 1837

• Causes
• Speculation
• Jacksonian Finance
• Bank War
• Specie Circular
• Wheat Crop Failure
• Failure of 2 British Banks
• Call in loans

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Acute and Widespread Hardship

• Banks collapsed
• Commodity prices dropped
• Sales of public lands fell off
• Customs reveunes dried up
• Factories closed
• Unemplyment rose

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Whigs Recovery Plan

• Expansion of bank credit
• Higher tariffs
• Subsidies for internal improvements

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Van Burens Response

• Do Nothing
• Divorce Bill
• Established an independent treasury
• Not popular

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Gone to Texas

• Abqndoned to Spain when we got Florida in 1819
• Spanish wanted to populate - but
• Mexicans won their independence
• New Regime
• Granted huge tract of land to Stephen Austin
• To bring 300 hundred American Families
• Established Roman Catholic Faith
• properly Mexicanized

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Who actually went?
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Problems

• Slavery
• Immigration
• Local Rights

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• Austin goes to Mexico City in 1833
• Santa Anna- throws him in jail- 8 months
• Wipes out local rights
• Started to raise an army to suppress the Texans

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Texans declare Independence

• Sam Houston- Commander in Chief
• Remember the Alamo
• Americas Position

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Election of 1840

• Candidates
• Issues