Hatchery and Design Considerations

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Hatchery and Design Considerations

• What to do BEFORE you start?

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(No Transcript)
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Lecture 1 Farm Site Selection

• Objectives
• Proper approach to site selection
  conceptualization
• Good vs. bad information
• Water quality criteria, source capacity, tidal
  issues
• Soil (part 2) texture, chemical properties
• Vegetation, climatic, other determinants
• Evaluation process (part 3)

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Conceptualizing the Site

• WHAT WENT WRONG?
• IMPROPER SITE SELECTION
• INAPPROPRIATE ENGINEERING
• INADEQUATE FINANCING
• INEFFECTIVE HUSBANDRY

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SITE SELECTION IS CRITICAL..IT CAN DETERMINE

• LOAN POTENTIAL
• ENGINEERING LAYOUT/DESIGNS
• LEVEL OF EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCY
• PRODUCTION METHODOLOGY
• BUSINESS STRATEGY
• MARKETING/SALES STRATEGY

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WHY "BAD" SITES ARE SELECTEDALL THE WRONG
REASONS!

• "THE LAND PRICE WAS A BARGAIN"
• "THE GOVERNMENT WAS JUST GIVING IT AWAY"
• "HEY, IT WAS NEAR THE WATER!"
• "BUT THERE WERE OTHER FARMERS NEARBY.."
• "NOBODY ELSE WANTED IT"

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CONCEPTUALIZE THE SITEWHAT CONSTITUTES A SITE?

• A PIECE OF LAND? COAST? COUNTRY?
• A SPECIFIC PROFIT CENTER?
• A SPECIFIC PRODUCT?
• SOCIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION?

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ASSUMPTIONS

• STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND
• PLAN TO UTILIZE EVERY INCENTIVE
• STRIVING FOR VERTICAL INTEGRATION

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DISCLAIMERS

• NO SITE IS TYPICAL
• NO PROJECT IS ENTIRELY PREDICTABLE
• NO GOVERNMENT IS ENTIRELY ACCOMODATING
• MONEY DOES NOT GROW ON TREES
• THERE ARE NO GUARANTEES!!!

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Hatchery Sanitation

• Purpose 1 prevention of any foreign disease
  agents from getting into hatchery
• Purpose 2 limits disease spread to tank of
  origin

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Is clear water clean??
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Pick a good site!!!
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Hawaiian Hatcheries, Phillipines
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Typical Well Abstraction
Perforated well screen (500 µM), 4 in. PVC
Discharge to hatchery
2 in. PVC
Perforated well screen (250 µM)
2-3 hp self-priming/cooling centrifugal pump
high tide
Sealed concrete pump house
low tide
hydrologic zone
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Seawater Abstraction well-point
Ocean bottom
6-8 ft
sand substrate
24 in. perforated pipe
Pea gravel
Microscreen- 1mm
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Seawater Abstraction open ocean intake
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Hatchery Sanitation
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Preventive Guidelines

• Reduces vertically-transmitted pathogens
• 1) import only eggs, never juveniles/adults
• 2) eggs should be from SPF/high health facilities
• 3) wild individuals should be prohibited or all
  water, etc. needs to be disinfected
• 4) disinfect all eggs prior to stocking hatching
  containers (also disinfect/destroy all shipping
  containers)
• chemicals iodophores (Argentyne) 100 ppm for
  10-15 min

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Guidelines for Limiting Spread

• Disinfect all hatchery and personal equipment
  after or between use (equipment must be clean
  prior to disinfection)
• sports fishermen or farmers should never be
  allowed near facility (political issue)
• transfer/shipping equipment, vehicles must all be
  disinfected whenever leaving grounds
• do not overlook any possible source of
  contamination
• proper hatchery design limits spread

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Biosecurity General Issues

• Definition the sum of all procedures in place
  to protect shrimp from contracting, carrying and
  spreading diseases
• critical to identify all known and potential
  vectors
• critical use only seed from SPF or high-health
  facilities
• stocks monitored periodically for disease using
  rapid methodologies
• infection of facility shut-down, complete
  disinfection (chlorine gas, formaldehyde, etc.)

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Biosecurity General Issues

• Other potential disease sources incoming water
• facility should be isolated from other farms,
  processing plants, capture fisheries
• water should be recycled
• replacement water disinfected by chlorine, ozone,
  ultraviolet light
• avoid vectors gulls, dogs, crabs, etc.
• feeds ( prepared vs. raw)

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Part 2. Biosecurity

• Recently, fish/shrimp disease agents and
  associated problems have spread from foreign
  countries to the U.S.
• major efforts established defense against disease
• due to severity of issue, parallel efforts were
  undertaken to design production systems to
  exclude diseases
• such systems are called biosecure
• key issue zero water exchange