1

• The Solar Tsunami
• Get ready for dramatic improvements in solar with
  breakthroughs in quantum dot nanotechnology and
  the SpartzLight

2
1st Generation Silicon Solar Technology, 90 of
the Market Too Many Problems

• Too expensive 5/watt, 7-8/watt installed
• Too heavy/bulky50 pounds/m2
• Too limited in output, re peak sun hoursonly
  averaging 2.5 hours/day (cloudy climate) - 5.5
  (sunny) hours/day
• Too limited in supplysilicon-grade solar
  shortages keep prices high and reduce
  availability
• Too limited efficiency/m2only 150 watts/m2 (at
  15 efficiency) puts solar put at a low value for
  serious power applications.

3
The Potential of Solar with Nanotechnology

• Attractive pricing - Less than 2/watt compares
  at lower than conventional electrical power
  pricing
• Ultralight/flexible Suitable for a variety of
  applications without most weight or shaping
  restrictions
• Delivers output from dawn to dusk more than
  doubles the peak watts available vs. traditional
  solar resulting in better performance per day and
  faster ROI payback
• Scaleable to vast supply with screen-printing
  simplicity in a large-scale, high-speed process,
  the limits are not materials or throughput
• Efficiency/m2 not hundreds of watts, but
  kilowatts as a result of All Day Solars
  breakthrough Spartzlight technology.

4
Three Generations of Solar Technology
Generation Solar Technology Primary materials Technology Characteristics
1st Crystalline silicon 90 of current market, 30-year old proven technology - 1 photon of sunlight 1 electron
2nd Thin-film silicon (CIGS/CdTe) Lower cost manufacturing process using less silicon/ semiconductor material with similar efficiency results - 1 photon of sunlight 1 electron
3rd Quantum dot Projected very high efficiency, very low cost to manufacture - 1 photon of sunlight multiple excitons (7)
5
The future of solar is simpleget more watts per
photon of sunlight!

• 1st and 2nd Generation Solar (1 photon of
  sunlight ? single electrons)
• Current efficiency ? 15, or 150 watts/m2
• Maximum projected efficiency ? 32, or 320
  watts/m2
• 3rd Generation Solar (1 photon of sunlight ?
  multiple excitons)
• Maximum projected efficiency ? 65 to 100, or
  650 watts/m2 to 1000 watts/m2
• The projected result is 4 6 times current solar
  efficiencies/m2.

6
When with the Solar Tsunami hit shorewhen will
we get product?

• Like a real tsunami heading for shore at 500mph,
  the jump from the lab to product delivery will
  surprise conventional wisdom and the experts.
  With the 1st and 2nd generation solar technology
  continuing to grow at 50 per year, this means
  that most people in the industry are focused on
  keeping up with demand rather than getting ready
  for the coming Solar Tsunami.
• Nanotechnology improvements in the past two years
  have led to
• Rapid gains in efficiency and cost reductions
• The projected efficiency/m2 is 4 6 times
  current solar product.
• The SpartzLight Technology shrinks the
  footprint/m2 by 3-5 times over current solar
  product
• The net combined result leaves existing solar
  technology obsolete.

7
How does this work better than existing solar
technology?

• 1st and 2nd generation solar technology process
  one photon has enough energy to produce one
  electron
• Quantum dots can be blended and tuned to process
  the different wavelengths of infrared (IR),
  ultraviolet (UV) and the visible spectra of
  sunlight producing enough energy in a photon of
  sunlight to force multiple excitons to be
  released as solar current.
• The IR and UV spectra allows the quantum dot PV
  to effectively operate in low light/lumination
  and shade situations (dawn to dusk), which is not
  possible with 1st and 2nd generation solar
  technology.

8
If quantum dot technology is the computer, then
Spartzlight is the software

• Thousands of quantum dot researchers are creating
  regular breakthroughs and further uses of this
  technology
• A computer software analogy
• Whatever the efficiency results the quantum dot
  developers get per m2 (their chip-set power the
  computer), the SpartzLight (software) gets 3-5x
  performance per m2
• Our software doesnt work without the quantum
  dot computer!

9
Small footprint (output/m2) is the key to
expanding solar applications

• A quantum dot product with 10 efficiency (100
  watts/m2) in a market of 15 solar would not be
  as dramatic without the SpartzLight

Quantum Dot Efficiency Solar Output Watts/m2 With the basic SpartzLight (3X) Total Output Watts/m2
5 50 150 200
10 100 300 400
20 200 600 800
30 300 900 1,200
40 400 1,200 1,600
10
What about production costs?

• 1st generation solar crystalline silicon
• 90 of market
• Manufacturing cost is 65 of price
• (i.e. 5/watt - 3/watt cost to mfg. )
• 2nd generation solar thin-film
• 10 of market
• Lower costs through manufacturing
• 3rd generation solar quantum dot
• As efficiency rises, costs drop dramatically
• 10 - 0.60/watt to produce
• 20 - 0.30/watt to produce
• Doubling in efficiency Half the cost per watt

11
Increased hours/day output Faster payback!

• Current 1st and 2nd generation solar yields
  output averaging 2.5 hours/day (cloudy climate)
  5.5 hours/day (sunny climate)
• Quantum dot solar can deliver output from dawn to
  dusk (9-12 hours)
• More than doubles the peak hours of output
• Cuts payback time in half
• Delivers output in low light/shade conditions not
  possible with 1st and 2nd generation solar

12
Scalability Size is not an issue

• 8 MW/day per plant (at 10 efficiency, 1/watt
  cost)
• 2.9 GW/year
• Screen printing simplicity combined with low-cost
  plant setup (5-8 million equipment)
• Increasing efficiency increases output without
  additional costs
• 20 efficiency - doubles output at same cost -
  .50/watt
• 40 efficiency - .25/watt
• Potential of 65-100 efficiency - huge advantage
  in cost reductions
• (.05-10/watt? In a power market where
  competitive peak power is 3/watt, this moves
  markets!)

13
Rapid growth in applications previously not
suitable for solar

• Low cost/fast payback - lt3/watt/2.2 years
• High volume production 3 GWs per plant
• Much smaller footprint only 20-25 required
• Doubling of peak solar hours/day peak shaving
  load needs 9-12 hours/day
• Expansion in the use and value of solar
  electricity and distributed generation
  applications previously not suitable for solar
  Plug-in hybrid vehicles, laptops, street
  lighting, etc.

14
Economic development Communities create their
own Non-Silicon Valley

• Local multipliers the key to creating your own
  Non-Silicon Valley
• Jobs to build power supply
• Money, power and ownership stays in town
• Regional cooperative growth developments
• Local financing local gains/taxes/payments
• Lower fixed operating costs for
  government/services
• Support local energy security needs with lower
  fuel volatility risks and zero emissions

15
What we know Size matters

• At the nanometer scale, size matters in big ways!
  Its no longer one photon of sunlight delivering
  one electronIR (3-1) and UV (7-1) ratios
• Demonstrating unique capabilities over
  silicon-based and other thin-film solutions

16
What we know Upside potential

• For 100 of todays solar market, one photon of
  sunlight one electron
• Todays solar market 33 maximum theoretical
  efficiency 330 watts per square meter
• The new quantum dot solar market 65 -100
  theoretical efficiency means 650-1000 watts per
  square meter. With the addition of the
  SpartzLight at 3-5X reduction of footprint, that
  means the theoretical efficiency per square meter
  jumps to 2600-4000 watts.

17
What we know Low-cost, simple application
methods

• Much lower-cost printing methods have been
  demonstrated
• screen-printing,
• ink-jet printing,
• and even paint-on film
• Each of these lower-cost printing methods leads
  to rapid scalability

18
What we know Chemical processing

• The biggest leap area of them allweve known for
  years about the quantum dots efficiency
  potential at the nanoscale level, low-cost
  printing was assumednow the chemical processing
  methods and costs are changing faster than
  envisioned.
• The past year breakthroughs demonstrated
• large batches in 2 hours of processing, at room
  temperature, without a clean room, water-based,
  non-solvent chemicals at a small fraction (1/5th)
  of costs a year ago.

19
What we know Wavelength tunability

• At the nanometer scale, different mixtures of
  quantum dot sizes for IR/UV and visible spectra
  produce different results.
• Peer-reviewed proven results longer hours with
  IR-emphasized quantum dot formulas
• This continual progress in wavelength tunability
  refinements will support solar products for all
  levels of illumination

20
What we know Big worldwide effort in
nanotechnology/quantum dots

• National labs - NREL, Los Alamos, Berkeley, etc.
• Universities (Hundreds) - UofToronto, Buffalo,
  MIT, Rice, ND, Pitt, Clemson, Penn State, etc.
• Countries - U.S., Germany, UK, Korea, China,
  Japan, Finland, France, Israel, etc.
• Corporate Labs - Evident Tech, Quantum Dot Corp.,
  3M, IBM, HP, etc.
• Learning curve is improving due to increased
  funding, breakthroughs and parallel fields of
  opportunity - display technologies, quantum
  computers, optical networking, etc.

21
How long before the first quantum dot computer
arrives in the market?

• Preparing for the Solar Tsunami realistically,
  we need to get corporations, communities, and
  countries ready yesterday/ASAP
• Coordination takes time - It takes a lot of
  people, money, and planning to use 8 MW/day of
  solar, per plant, regardless of the exciting
  cost/benefit!
• Suppliers, customers, and the plans to handle the
  flow of product requires preparation whether
  the first computer arrives in 6 months or 2
  years, the infrastructure to absorb the supply
  takes time.

22
Jobs/Economic Development

• Scalable Output Local Jobs Creative
  Development
• Gigawatts of solar tens of thousands of jobs
  (with industry estimates of 35 jobs per MW1 GW
  35,000 jobs)
• How? New technology boosts job growth in many
  areas that wont require outsourcing or imported
  technologies
• Job growth related to Inverters, energy storage,
  cabling/ wiring, engineering/ design,
  manufacturing, installation, distribution,
  financing, software/ smart grid needs,
  planning/marketing, etc.

23
Economic development Communities create their
own Non-Silicon Valley

• Local multipliers the key to creating your own
  Non-Silicon Valley
• Jobs to build power supply
• Money, power and ownership stays in town
• Regional cooperative growth developments
• Local financing local gains/taxes/payments
• Lower fixed operating costs for
  government/services
• Support local energy security needs with lower
  fuel volatility risks and zero emissions

24
Spartzlight Software supports the overall
growth of the market

• Miniaturization improved the sellability and
  growth of the computer industry and it will make
  a significant difference with the Solar Tsunami
• The SpartzLight Technology reduces the
  footprint of the computer by 3-5 times per m2
• Like the BASF ads claimWe dont make the
  solarwe make the solar better
• An example of synergy Storage technologies
  seeking to improve hybrid cars benefit with our
  SpartzLight Software with increasing efficiency
  from quantum dots advances that improves the
  overall effectiveness of their product.

25
Growth markets for the Spartzlight Product

• At kilowatts/m2, the Solar Tsunami is here
• Stationary the primary market
• Grid-support, stand-alone, backup
• Vehicle -
• Car, truck, boat, RV
• Mobile
• Computing, communications
• Storage support our parallel growth partners
• Battery, hydrogen, etc.

26
Key accelerators for the Solar Tsunami Market
forces

• Rapidly rising energy prices builds urgency for
  renewable energy and makes solar more
  cost-competitive
• Record peak power demands and outages put
  additional strain on the electricity grid
• The search for energy security in an insecure
  world loss of faith in existing systems pulls
  research and buyers forward faster than normal
  market conditions
• Global warming/climate change/scorched earth
  scenarios growing urgency for the sake of our
  kids and communities
• Jobs and economic development the need to
  locally build energy self-sufficiency and
  sustainable high-growth industry

27
Key accelerators for the Solar Tsunami
Technology forces

• Battery technology new methods store 4 times
  more, recharge faster and weigh a fraction of
  older battery technologies
• The speed of Internet communication reduces the
  time for breakthroughs to be leveraged by other
  researchers
• But the biggest accelerator of all? Corporate
  desire to reduce energy bills. The Solar Tsunami
  dramatically cuts long-term peak power costs for
  the biggest pool of money and the most persistent
  market catalyst.

28
Count on it - the fastest accelerator to the
Solar Tsunami - corporation profits

• Corporations and capitalism the business of
  making profitable decisions in the best interests
  of their investors
• Lacking loyalty to high-cost utility alternatives
  theyll choose cost savings every time
• Peak power cost savings with quantum dot solar
  will boost profits and speed installations
• The greater the savings the faster the
  acceptance and installation the larger the
  Solar Tsunami

29
Final thought

• What would you do right now if you knew that
  within the next year you have the power to
  install GWs of solar at 3/watt that work 9-12
  hours/day on one-fourth the size/m2 more than
  twice the output per square meter of any other
  solar product in the market at less than
  one-third the cost?
• Surprise! That brutal awareness/shock of what you
  need to get in place is a little vision
  proceeding the sheer speed (500mph) of the Solar
  Tsunami. (Dont say I didnt warn you)
• Thomas Spartz - 7/16/2006