Reconstruction and its effects

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Chapter 12

• Reconstruction and its effects

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Lincolns Reconstruction plan

• Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
• 10 Plan
• Government would Pardon all Confederates except
  high ranking officials and those accused of war
  crimes
• After 10 of those on the voting polls swore
  allegiance to the Union the confederate state
  could re-enter the Union

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Lincolns Plan Contd

• Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia
  moved immediately to re-enter the Union
• Radical Republicans Thought the plan was too
  moderate
• Thaddeus Stevens wanted African Americans to be
  given full citizenship

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Lincoln Would Not live to see the plan put into
action

• John Wilkes Booth
• Southern Sympathizer
• Actor
• Assassinated Lincoln in Fords theater

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Andrew Johnson Takes the Reins

• Lincolns VP
• Became President on Lincolns assassination
• Wanted to continue Lincolns 10 plan
• Congress had other plans

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Wade Davis Bill

• Gave the power to control reconstruction to
  Congress and not the President
• Also called for a majority of the voters to
  declare allegiance to the Union and not only 10
• Lincoln Had vetoed the wade Davis bill by pocket
  veto, however when he was assassinated they
  passed the bill anyway

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Freedmans Bureau Provided shelter, food,
clothing and Schools for newly freed slaves and
poor whites
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Congress passed the civil rights act of 1866

• Gave African Americans Citizenship
• Forbid the south from passing discriminatory laws
  such as Black Codes
• Black Codes restored the institute of slavery in
  south
• A result of this act was the passing of the
  fourteenth Amendment

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14th Amendment

• All citizens are provided equal protection of
  the law under the constitution of the United
  States

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Major Reconstruction Acts  
Legislation Provisions
 
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Military Districts in South
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Johnson Impeachment

• Andrew Johnson Violated the Tenure of Office act
  and Congress tried to have him Impeached

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Election of 1868

• Ulysses S. Grant becomes the 18th President of
  the United States

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15th Amendment

• All males over the age of 21 have the right to
  vote regardless of previous condition of servitude

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South in Disarray

• Physical devastation
• Economy destroyed because of confederate money
• Battle fields needed to be cleaned up to stop
  spread of disease
• Public works programs

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Two groups of people began to form in the south
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Carpetbaggers
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Scalawags
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Problems faced by the government for the newly
freed slaves
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Slaves were unsure what to do with their new
freedoms

• Allowed to travel without a pass
• Had no tools to work
• No land to farm
• No money to buy these things

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Reunification of slave families

• Families were often sold separately
• Finding families difficult task
• One man walked 600 miles from Georgia to North
  Carolina to find his wife and children
• Freedmans bureau helped families reunify
• Ex-slaves were now allowed to marry

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Education

• Slaves must be taught to read and write
• 80 of freed slaves over the age of 20 were
  illiterate
• 1877 600,000 blacks were enrolled in elementary
  school

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Religion

• Slaves were very spiritual
• Churches had to be established for religious
  services
• Baptist and Methodists

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Politics

• Hiram Revels was first Black Senator
• Local And state governments began to see black
  involvement

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Southern agriculture begins to evolve to a share
cropper system
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40 acres and a mule
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Southern Homestead Act
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Cycle of poverty
Sharecroppers small plot of land and seed from
the landowners
A few sharecroppers Make enough money To become
tenant farmers
Sharecroppers Buy supplies On credit
Sharecroppers use their Money to pay off debts
They plant crops
Sharecroppers sell what Crop is left over for
money
Sharecroppers give a portion Of harvest to
landowner
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Reconstruction collapses

• Violence (KKK)
• Economic pressure
• Legislative pressure
• Political power shifts

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Economic Turmoil
Panic of 1873
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Currency debate whether to return the American
currency system back to the gold standard
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Civil Rights setbacks in the Supreme Court
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Redemption

• Southern Democrats wanted to redeem the south
• Wanted to take back over control
• Wanted to oust the Republicans out of southern
  states

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Compromise of 1877

• Southern Democrats wanted three things
• Withdrawal of federal troops in Louisiana and
  South Carolina
• Wanted federal money to build a railroad from
  Texas to the west coast to enhance trade
• Wanted a conservative southerner appointed to the
  cabinet
• Allowed the Southern Democrats to have Home
  Rule which is what they were after

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Legacy of Reconstruction

• Failure
• Voter discrimination not prohibited
• No land reform
• Racial Bias became a National not a regional
  problem
• Supreme court undermined the 14th and 15th
  Amendments

• Success
• Blacks participated in government
• State Government began solving social problems
• Churches, Families, and Schools
• Break up of plantation
• 14th and 15th Amendments were passed