Napoleon

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Napoleon

• Napoleonic era 1799-1815

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Napoleon-quack quack

• Born in Corsica (island owned by France)
• Minor noble family
• Went to military school in France
• Went on to the royal military
• Married Josephine in 1796

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Young Napoleon
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Josephine

• 1st husband killed due to the reign of terror
  they had several children
• She was jailed 1794-1795
• Married Napoleon in 1796
• Had no children by him-she was 6 years older than
  him
• Agreed to divorce him in 1810

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Josephine
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Their letters

• In a letter to his brother, Joseph, Napoleon
  wrote "I must see her and press her to my heart.
  I love her to the point of madness, and I cannot
  continue to be separated from her. If she no
  longer loved me, I would have nothing left to do
  on earth.
• just after the annulment tenderness and a sense
  of loss can be seen. He had visited one of their
  palaces, the Tuileries where they met "That great
  palace seemed empty to me and I felt lost in it."

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Their letters

• Even in exile he still wrote about his lost love
• In his final exile on St. Helena, Napoleon wrote
  "Josephine is the only woman I have ever truly
  loved. She reigns in my heart and I mourn for
  her."

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Boy wonder goes to battle 1796-1797-italy

• Defeated Austrian forces in Italy
• Marched on Rome
• Took Pope pious VI prisoner (he had objected to
  the execution of Louisxvi)
• Effective use of mobile artillery - quack quack
• Semaphore line What is it??
• Established 3 newspapers (enlightened?) - Quack
• Austria took it back in 1800 Napoleon was in

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Battles 1798-99 Egypt

• Napoleon was sent to Egypt in part to remove him
  from public eye
• Egypt was controlled by the ottoman empire
• He took some scientists that found the rosette
  stone in Egypt (enlightened)
• Napoleon meets Horation Nelson at the battle of
  the Nile Nelson wins

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Battles 1798-99 Egypt

• Napoleon took Egypt and went on to Israel which
  was called Syria in the ottoman empire he was
  pushed back to Egypt in 1805
• The ottomans and British had teamed up against
  him
• My enemys enemy is my friend

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Napoleon went back to FranceQuack-Quack

• France was bankrupt, occupied by its own army
  controlled by the Directory
• Napoleon and his brother join a few other men and
  overthrow the directory in November of 1799
• Establishing the consulate empire 1799-1804
• Would Napoleon be an enlightened Leader?
  Liberty, freedom of religion and speech Quack

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First Consulate-Quack Quack

• Patched things up with the catholic church,
  religious toleration, protected property, new
  effective tax system and meritocracy equality
  under the law
• He was quickly needed back in battle to take back
  lost lands like Italy
• The Grand Empire was build by war 1805-1815-The
  Napoleonic wars

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Most lasting Effect was the Napoleonic code of
law-Quack

• Equal treatment under the law
• Religious tolerance - Napoleon personal had no
  religion
• Freedom to choice a profession-meritocracy in gov
• Abolished serfdom-End of Feudalism
• Property rights of MEN protected-women lost
  ground here
• No unions or strikes

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The Grand EmpireQuack-Quack

• In 1804 Boy wonder crowned himself emperor and
  the circle was complete
• France was right back where it started from-
• He ruled over France and the low countries and
  northern Italy,
• Held influence over allies Confederation of the
  Rhine, Grand Duchy of Warsaw
• Unwilling allies Austria, Russia, Prussia
• Mortal enemies were Britain, Spain, and Portugal

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The Emperor
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On the other hand-quack quack

• He closed newspapers violated privacy and liberty
  of individual-censorship
• And the no union and no strike issue
• Most of his new aristocracy came from old
  nobility and the bourgeoisie
• Had the Revolution been a failure?
• Was napoleon enlighten or a tyrant
• What was his worst trait as a person

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Napoleon on a mighty horseit was really a donkey

• Back to Italy
• Charging through the Alps
• On the back of a mule
• The reality is so much different from the
  romantic version of a story

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Napoleonic wars-Quack

• 1803-1815 series of attacks against France and
  Napoleon
• Several coalitions ban together to get rid of
  Napoleon
• There were 7 separate coalitions

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1st coalition 1797-1798

• Austria, piedmont (northwest Italy), Prussia,
  Spain, and United Kingdom
• They were defeated

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2nd coalition 1798-1801

• Russia, ottoman empire, papal states (Italy),
  Naples (Italy) Portugal, united Kingdom, Austria
• Catherine the Great of Russia Dies and they drop
  out
• Nelson defeats Napoleon Battle of Nile
• Coalition collapses

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Quack Quack

• The first 2 coalitions were fighting to restore
  the French Monarchy
• Louis is dead now and Napoleon has crowned
  himself emperor of France
• The next coalitions will fight to take down
  Napoleon

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3rd coalition 1803-1805

• Many countries scrambled to help any way they
  could on land and sea
• It was a stale mate-Russia was unorganized
  Austria was being defeated by napoleon and the
  British were still having success on the sea
• Battle of Trafalgar Nelson wins the battle but
  loses his life-quack quack

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Battle of Trafalgar
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4th coalition 1805-1807

• Great Britain, Prussia, Saxony (Germany), Sweden
• Napoleon knocked out Prussia took the city of
  Berlin
• All were defeated except Britain

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The Thorn in his side

• Britain was the ring leader in all the coalitions
  against Napoleon
• The used their economic power and up-coming
  industrial strength to bring forces together
  against France
• Napoleon must find another way
• The Continental system is put into place

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The continental systemQuack-Quack

• Britain is just out of his reach-Napoleon tries
  to weaken the British Royal navy-He is
  unsuccessful- Battle of Trafalgar
• Most significant engagement of the Napoleonic
  wars
• Horatio Nelson died late in the battle
• British won-established themselves as supreme
  naval power in Europe

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The continental system-Quack

• Napoleon puts a continental embargo on Britain
• None of his allies are allowed to trade with
  Britain
• This includes-The German states, parts of
  Poland-parts of Italy, Spain and anyone else he
  can use
• Remember he has defeated many countries by this
  time

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Continental system

• The US is pulled into all of this
• We refuse to trade with any of them
• Leads to the war of 1812

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5th coalition1809

• United Kingdom and Austria
• The British also fought US in the War of 1812
  during this time
• France was also fighting in peninsular wars
  against the British
• Austria was also spreading its influence across
  the German kingdoms

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Peninsula wars-1808-1814

• Mistake
• Spain-Portugal and British fight against him
• Will not give up
• Guerilla warfare was coined here
• Spanish for little war
• Hatred for the French grows

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6th coalition 1812-1814

• United Kingdom, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Austria
  and the German kingdoms it now influences
• Napoleons fatal mistake-invading Russia

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Russian invasion

• 700,000 men went in on the side of france
• Less than 200,000 returned
• Scorched earth policy
• Russian weather
• Refusal to give up

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Russian Retreat
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Napoleons 3 fatal mistakes-Quack quack

• The continental system-Why
• The peninsula wars-Why
• Invasion of Russia-Why

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Why oh why-quack quack

• The continental system did little damage to the
  British economy, Fostered a black market and
  resentment against Napoleon
• Weakened the military ground forces and stretched
  the army too thin
• Russia weakened the military all around and
  destroyed moral of the troops everywhere

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The end has come

• The battle of Leipzig was the nail in Frances
  coffin. This defeat caused Napoleon to retreat
  back to France with less that 100,000 troops
  chased by over ½ a million quack
• In France he was surrounded
• Napoleon surrendered unconditionally in April of
  1814

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He is Exiled-quack

• To the Island of Elba in the Medt. Sea
• Some claim he tried to take his own life here
  again and failed again
• Napoleon felt he was meant for greater things
  since death would not take him

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Back in France

• Louis XVIII (not his birth name) was put on the
  throne Brother of Louis XVI and Uncle to Louis
  XVII-child died
• Rumors that Napoleons son was being mistreated
  reached soon reached the island of Elaba

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Congress of Vienna-Quack

• Oct 1814-June 1815
• Hosted by Austrias Clemmons von Metternich
• Redraw the lines of Europe after the defeat of
  Napoleon
• Took away most of Frances territory that Napoleon
  captured

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COV-Quack

• Gave Russia most of Poland
• Prussia got Saxony, parts of Poland and other
  German kingdoms
• A Germanic Federation (this includes Prussia)was
  formed under the control of Austria
• African and Asian colonies were given to GB

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COV-Quack

• Slave trade condemned-open sea and trade proposed
  by GB
• Secret agreements start here
• Peace was reached at the cost of civil liberties
  and freedom of the people
• No one asked Poland if they wanted to be governed
  by Russia

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COV-Quack

• All of those aligned with napoleon were carved up
  among the Winners
• The peace created by the Congress of Vienna will
  last until WWI for the most part
• The ideas of the American and French revolutions
  will last.. Well they are still here

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Escape from Elba

• March 1815
• Went to the main land of France
• King Louis XVIII sent the royal army to arrest
  him
• Funny thing happened with this event

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Can you believe this man

• Napoléon approached the regiment alone,
  dismounted his horse, and confidently walked up
  to the line of soldiers. When he was within
  earshot of the men, he threw open his coat and
  shouted "Soldiers of the Fifth, you recognize me.
  If any man would shoot his emperor, he may do so
  now". Following a brief silence, the soldiers
  erupted into shouts of "Vive L'Empereur!" The
  soldiers sent to stop the former emperor instead
  joined the ranks behind him and marched with
  Napoléon to paris

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This is like a movie or something

• In the movie Napoleon and his loyal men would
  return and throw the king off his throne
• This is real life not movie-Napoleon and his men
  marched back to paris gathered up over 200,000
  volunteers over the next 100 days victory was
  theirs and then they were defeated by Wellington
  and his men at the battle of Waterloo, Belgium
  June 18, 1815

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Not the happy ending some wanted-quack quack

• He is exiled again
• This time to Helena where he died

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