Title: Napoleon I
1Napoleon I (1804-1814)
2Napoleon's Early Career
3Napoleons Military Fame
- Irony of Napoleons fathers decision to remain
in Corsica after the French conquered it? - Artillery officer in the French Army
- One of the most successful French officers in the
wars against the European coalitions - 1796-1797 ? he conquered most of northern
Italy for France developed a taste
for governing. - Early Jacobin supporter of moderate/radical
social change - Was able to rise up through the chain of command
quickly because of war time and emigration of
many noble officers
4The Rosetta Stone
Jean Francois Champollion
Greek Hieroglyphs
5Napoleon Seizes Power
6Napoleon Saves the Directory
- the Directory was unpopular
- One reason- even though France had finally
started to win wars, the country relied on
plunder from other countries to run its economy,
so the wars continued - Helps explain growing disillusionment in other
countries in regards to the revolution - By 1799, mobs were protesting against the
Directory on the streets of Paris - Afraid of a mob coup, the Directory called on
Napoleon to return to Paris to protect it - Napoleon later remarked that he had quieted the
crowds with a whiff of grapeshot
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9Napoleon as First Consul
- With the government in disarray, Napoleon
launched a successful coup d etat on November 9,
1799. - He proclaimed himself First Consul Julius
Caesars title and did away with the elected
Assembly appointing a Senate instead. - In 1802, he made himself sole Consul for Life.
- Two years later he proclaimed himself Emperor.
10Emperor Napoleon I
11The Empress Josephine
12Josephines Bedroom
13Napoleons Throne
14Napoleons Bed Chamber
15The Imperial Image
16Napoleon- Revolutionary or Tyrant?
17Revolutionary or Tyrant?
- Plebiscite each time he gave himself more power
- What is a plebiscite?
- Why would he do this?
- Why would the French people vote for him?
- Parts of the Napoleonic Code
- Government jobs were filled by merit rather than
birth - Laws were the same for everyone- no estates
- Rose to emperor
- Crowning Ceremony Shows his Power Over the Pope
- Parts of the Napoleonic Code
- No freedom of speech
- No freedom of the press
18Napoleon and His Code
19Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon the
Empress Josephine, 1806 by David
December 2, 1804
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21Napoleon on His Imperial Throne 1806 By Jean
AugusteDominique Ingres
22So youre just another tyrant, are you?!
23- Napoleon and the
- Catholic Church
24Concordat of 1801
- Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the
Catholic Church that had developed after the
confiscation of Church property and the Civil
Constitution of the Clergy. - But, Napoleons clear intent was to use the
clergy to prop up his regime.
25Concordat of 1801
- Catholicism was declared the religion of the
majority of Frenchmen. - Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the
Revolution. - Bishops subservient to the regime.
26 27Europe in 1800
28Napoleonic Europe
29Louisiana Purchase, 1803
15,000,000
30Crossing the Alps, 1805 Paul Delaroche
31Napoleons Family Rules!
- Jerome Bonaparte ? King of Westphalia.
- Joseph Bonaparte ? King of Spain
- Louise Bonaparte ? King of Holland
- Pauline Bonaparte ? Princess of Italy
- Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)? King of
Rome - Elisa Bonaparte ? Grand Duchess of Tuscany
- Caroline Bonaparte ? Queen of Naples
32British Cartoon
33The Spanish Ulcer
- Napoleon conquered and occupied Spain
- The Spanish mounted a guerrilla war against
Napoleon - This forced Napoleon to spend a great deal of
money and lock down a great number of his
soldiers in Spain
34Third of May, 1808 by Goya (1810)
35Napoleons First Major Loss
36Battle of Trafalgar
37The Continental System
38Napoleons Fatal Flaw
- Never satisfied with his victories
- When Russia ignores the Continental System
Napoleon raises his largest army yet (the Grand
Army) and invades
39The Big Blunder -- Russia
- In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of
614,000 men eastward across central Europe and
into Russia. - The Scorched Earth Policy
- The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with
Napoleon. - They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into
the interior of Russia hoping that its size and
the weather would act as support for the
Russian cause. - The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and
burned their crops to the ground, leaving the
French to operate far from their supply bases in
territory stripped of food. - Dont forget that the French military plans
called for armies to live off of what they could
take from the enemy
40Russia and The Scorched Earth Policy
41Napoleons Troops at the Gates of Moscow
- September 14, 1812 ? Napoleon reached Moscow, but
the city had largely been abandoned. - The Russians had set fire to the city.
42Russian General Kutuzov
The Russian army defeated or at least tied the
French at Borodino.
43Napoleons Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat40,000 survive!
44The 6th Coalition
NapoléonsDefeat
France ?
1813-1814
? Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal,
Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German
states
45Napoleons Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
Battle of the Nations Memorial
46Napoleon Abdicates!
- Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
- Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his
son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional
surrender. - Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
- Treaty of Fontainbleau ? exiles Napoléon to Elba
with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. Why be
so nice to him? - The royalists took control and restored Louis
XVIII to the throne.
47Napoleons Abdication
48Napoleon in Exile on Elba
49Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
50The "Hundred Days" (March 20 - June 22, 1815)
51The War of the 7th Coalition
Napoleons100 Days
France ?
1815
? Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria,
Sweden, smaller German states
- Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on
March 1, 1815 ? the beginning of his 100 Days.
52Napoleons Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815)
Prussian General Blücher
DukeofWellington
53Napoleon on His Way to HisFinal Exile onSt.
Helena
54Elba St. Helena
55Napoleons Residence on St. Helena
56Napoleons Tomb
57Hitler Visits Napoleons Tomb
June 28, 1940
58End of Napoleon
59The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 June
9, 1815)
60Key Players at Vienna
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
The HostPrince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand
(Fr.)
61Key Principles Established at Vienna
- Balance of Power
- Legitimacy
- Compensation
- Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5
years. - France would have to pay an indemnity of
700,000,000 francs.
62Main Objectives
- Its job was to undo everything that Napoléon had
done - Reduce France to its old boundaries ? her
frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. - Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible
that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic
era.
63Europe After the Congress of Vienna
64Hansen Name ____________________AP Euro
Period _________ The Napoleonic Phase
1799- 1815 (Note-Taking Guide)
- ? Napoleons Early Career
- Napoleons Military Fame
- Irony of Napoleons fathers decision to remain
in Corsica after the French conquered it?
______________________ ___________________________
____________________ - __________________in the French Army
- One of the most _______________________ in the
wars against the European coalitions - 1796-1797 ? he conquered _______________________
for France ? developed a taste
_________________. - __________ supporter of moderate/radical social
change - Was able to rise up through the chain of command
quickly because of _______________________________
_______ - ? Napoleon Seized Power
- Napoleon Saved the Directory
- the Directory was unpopular
- One reason- even though France had finally
started to win wars, the country
_____________________ _______________________, so
the wars continued - Helps explain growing _______________________
_________________________________________ - By 1799, _______________________________________
on the streets of Paris - Afraid of a mob coup, the Directory called on
Napoleon to ______________________________________
____ - Napoleon later remarked that he had quieted the
crowds with a whiff of grapeshot -
_________________________ - Napoleon as 1st Consul
- With the government in disarray, Napoleon
launched a successful _________________ on
November 9, 1799. - He proclaimed himself ________ Julius Caesars
title and did away with the elected Assembly
appointing a Senate instead.
- - Plebiscite each time he gave himself more
power - - What is a plebiscite? -
________________________________ - _________________________________
__________________ - - Why would he do this? -
____________________________________ - - Why would the French people vote for him?
_________________________________________________ - - Parts of the Napoleonic Code
- -Government jobs were filled by
- _________________________
- -Laws were ______________________________-
no estates - Tyrant?
- Rose to ____________
- ______________ Shows his Power Over the Pope
- Parts of the Napoleonic Code
- No freedom _______________
- No freedom _______________
- Beethovens Reaction to Napoleon
_____________________ - ? Napoleon and the Catholic Church
- Concordat of 1801
- Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the
Catholic Church that had developed after the
confiscation of Church property and the Civil
Constitution of the Clergy.
65- The Spanish Ulcer
- Napoleon conquered and occupied Spain
- The Spanish mounted _________________ against
Napoleon (which means? - _________________________
_________) - This forced Napoleon to spend a
__________________ and to lock down a great
number ___________________ in Spain - Napoleons 1st Major Loss
- Trafalgar ____________________ ___________________
_________ ____________________________
___________________________ - The Continental System
- ____________________________ _____________________
_______ ____________________________ - Napoleons Fatal Flaw
- Never ____________ with his victories
- When Russia ignored the Continental System
Napoleon raises his largest army yet
(___________) and invaded - The Big Blunder ? Russia
- In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of
614,000 men eastward across central Europe and
into Russia. - The Scorched Earth Policy
- The Russians avoided ______________________ with
Napoleon. - They retreated to Moscow, _________________
_________________________________ hoping that
its size and the weather would act as support
for the Russian cause. - The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and
____________________________ , leaving the French
to operate far from their _____________ in
territory stripped ___________________ - Dont forget that the French military plans
called for armies to ____________________________
from the enemy - September 14, 1812 ? Napoleon reached Moscow, but
the city ___________________________________.
- ? Napoleon Abdicates
- Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
- Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his
son, but the Allies insisted on
_________________________________. - Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
- Treaty of Fontainbleau ? exiles Napoléon ______
with an annual - income of 2,000,000 francs. Why be so nice to
him? - __________ - _________________________
- The royalists took control and restored
_____________to the throne. - ? The Hundred Days
- France versus ____________________________________
____ _____________________________________________
_______ - Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on
March 1, 1815 ? the beginning of his 100 Days. - Napoleons Defeat at Waterloo
- St. Helena _______________________________________
________________________________________________ - ? The Congress of Vienna
- Key Players ______________________________________
______ - Key Principles
- Balance of Power