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Napoleon I

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Title: Napoleon I


1
Napoleon I (1804-1814)
2
Napoleon's Early Career
3
Napoleons Military Fame
  • Irony of Napoleons fathers decision to remain
    in Corsica after the French conquered it?
  • Artillery officer in the French Army
  • One of the most successful French officers in the
    wars against the European coalitions
  • 1796-1797 ? he conquered most of northern
    Italy for France developed a taste
    for governing.
  • Early Jacobin supporter of moderate/radical
    social change
  • Was able to rise up through the chain of command
    quickly because of war time and emigration of
    many noble officers

4
The Rosetta Stone
Jean Francois Champollion
Greek Hieroglyphs
5
Napoleon Seizes Power
6
Napoleon Saves the Directory
  • the Directory was unpopular
  • One reason- even though France had finally
    started to win wars, the country relied on
    plunder from other countries to run its economy,
    so the wars continued
  • Helps explain growing disillusionment in other
    countries in regards to the revolution
  • By 1799, mobs were protesting against the
    Directory on the streets of Paris
  • Afraid of a mob coup, the Directory called on
    Napoleon to return to Paris to protect it
  • Napoleon later remarked that he had quieted the
    crowds with a whiff of grapeshot

7
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8
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9
Napoleon as First Consul
  • With the government in disarray, Napoleon
    launched a successful coup d etat on November 9,
    1799.
  • He proclaimed himself First Consul Julius
    Caesars title and did away with the elected
    Assembly appointing a Senate instead.
  • In 1802, he made himself sole Consul for Life.
  • Two years later he proclaimed himself Emperor.

10
Emperor Napoleon I
11
The Empress Josephine
12
Josephines Bedroom
13
Napoleons Throne
14
Napoleons Bed Chamber
15
The Imperial Image
16
Napoleon- Revolutionary or Tyrant?
17
Revolutionary or Tyrant?
  • Plebiscite each time he gave himself more power
  • What is a plebiscite?
  • Why would he do this?
  • Why would the French people vote for him?
  • Parts of the Napoleonic Code
  • Government jobs were filled by merit rather than
    birth
  • Laws were the same for everyone- no estates
  • Rose to emperor
  • Crowning Ceremony Shows his Power Over the Pope
  • Parts of the Napoleonic Code
  • No freedom of speech
  • No freedom of the press

18
Napoleon and His Code
19
Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon the
Empress Josephine, 1806 by David
December 2, 1804
20
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21
Napoleon on His Imperial Throne 1806 By Jean
AugusteDominique Ingres
22
So youre just another tyrant, are you?!
  • Beethoven

23
  • Napoleon and the
  • Catholic Church

24
Concordat of 1801
  • Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the
    Catholic Church that had developed after the
    confiscation of Church property and the Civil
    Constitution of the Clergy.
  • But, Napoleons clear intent was to use the
    clergy to prop up his regime.

25
Concordat of 1801
  • Catholicism was declared the religion of the
    majority of Frenchmen.
  • Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the
    Revolution.
  • Bishops subservient to the regime.

26
  • Napoleons
  • Wars

27
Europe in 1800
28
Napoleonic Europe
29
Louisiana Purchase, 1803
15,000,000
30
Crossing the Alps, 1805 Paul Delaroche
31
Napoleons Family Rules!
  • Jerome Bonaparte ? King of Westphalia.
  • Joseph Bonaparte ? King of Spain
  • Louise Bonaparte ? King of Holland
  • Pauline Bonaparte ? Princess of Italy
  • Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)? King of
    Rome
  • Elisa Bonaparte ? Grand Duchess of Tuscany
  • Caroline Bonaparte ? Queen of Naples

32
British Cartoon
33
The Spanish Ulcer
  • Napoleon conquered and occupied Spain
  • The Spanish mounted a guerrilla war against
    Napoleon
  • This forced Napoleon to spend a great deal of
    money and lock down a great number of his
    soldiers in Spain

34
Third of May, 1808 by Goya (1810)
35
Napoleons First Major Loss
36
Battle of Trafalgar
37
The Continental System
38
Napoleons Fatal Flaw
  • Never satisfied with his victories
  • When Russia ignores the Continental System
    Napoleon raises his largest army yet (the Grand
    Army) and invades

39
The Big Blunder -- Russia
  • In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of
    614,000 men eastward across central Europe and
    into Russia.
  • The Scorched Earth Policy
  • The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with
    Napoleon.
  • They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into
    the interior of Russia hoping that its size and
    the weather would act as support for the
    Russian cause.
  • The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and
    burned their crops to the ground, leaving the
    French to operate far from their supply bases in
    territory stripped of food.
  • Dont forget that the French military plans
    called for armies to live off of what they could
    take from the enemy

40
Russia and The Scorched Earth Policy
41
Napoleons Troops at the Gates of Moscow
  • September 14, 1812 ? Napoleon reached Moscow, but
    the city had largely been abandoned.
  • The Russians had set fire to the city.

42
Russian General Kutuzov
The Russian army defeated or at least tied the
French at Borodino.
43
Napoleons Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat40,000 survive!
44
The 6th Coalition
NapoléonsDefeat
France ?
1813-1814
? Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal,
Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German
states
45
Napoleons Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
Battle of the Nations Memorial
46
Napoleon Abdicates!
  • Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
  • Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his
    son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional
    surrender.
  • Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
  • Treaty of Fontainbleau ? exiles Napoléon to Elba
    with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. Why be
    so nice to him?
  • The royalists took control and restored Louis
    XVIII to the throne.

47
Napoleons Abdication
48
Napoleon in Exile on Elba
49
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
50
The "Hundred Days" (March 20 - June 22, 1815)
51
The War of the 7th Coalition
Napoleons100 Days
France ?
1815
? Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria,
Sweden, smaller German states
  • Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on
    March 1, 1815 ? the beginning of his 100 Days.

52
Napoleons Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815)
Prussian General Blücher
DukeofWellington
53
Napoleon on His Way to HisFinal Exile onSt.
Helena
54
Elba St. Helena
55
Napoleons Residence on St. Helena
56
Napoleons Tomb
57
Hitler Visits Napoleons Tomb
June 28, 1940
58
End of Napoleon
59
The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 June
9, 1815)
60
Key Players at Vienna
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
The HostPrince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand
(Fr.)
61
Key Principles Established at Vienna
  • Balance of Power
  • Legitimacy
  • Compensation
  • Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5
    years.
  • France would have to pay an indemnity of
    700,000,000 francs.

62
Main Objectives
  • Its job was to undo everything that Napoléon had
    done
  • Reduce France to its old boundaries ? her
    frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
  • Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible
    that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic
    era.

63
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
64
Hansen Name ____________________AP Euro
Period _________ The Napoleonic Phase
1799- 1815 (Note-Taking Guide)
  • ? Napoleons Early Career
  • Napoleons Military Fame
  • Irony of Napoleons fathers decision to remain
    in Corsica after the French conquered it?
    ______________________ ___________________________
    ____________________
  • __________________in the French Army
  • One of the most _______________________ in the
    wars against the European coalitions
  • 1796-1797 ? he conquered _______________________
    for France ? developed a taste
    _________________.
  • __________ supporter of moderate/radical social
    change
  • Was able to rise up through the chain of command
    quickly because of _______________________________
    _______
  • ? Napoleon Seized Power
  • Napoleon Saved the Directory
  • the Directory was unpopular
  • One reason- even though France had finally
    started to win wars, the country
    _____________________ _______________________, so
    the wars continued
  • Helps explain growing _______________________
    _________________________________________
  • By 1799, _______________________________________
    on the streets of Paris
  • Afraid of a mob coup, the Directory called on
    Napoleon to ______________________________________
    ____
  • Napoleon later remarked that he had quieted the
    crowds with a whiff of grapeshot -
    _________________________
  • Napoleon as 1st Consul
  • With the government in disarray, Napoleon
    launched a successful _________________ on
    November 9, 1799.
  • He proclaimed himself ________ Julius Caesars
    title and did away with the elected Assembly
    appointing a Senate instead.
  • - Plebiscite each time he gave himself more
    power
  • - What is a plebiscite? -
    ________________________________
  • _________________________________
    __________________
  • - Why would he do this? -
    ____________________________________
  • - Why would the French people vote for him?
    _________________________________________________
  • - Parts of the Napoleonic Code
  • -Government jobs were filled by
  • _________________________
  • -Laws were ______________________________-
    no estates
  • Tyrant?
  • Rose to ____________
  • ______________ Shows his Power Over the Pope
  • Parts of the Napoleonic Code
  • No freedom _______________
  • No freedom _______________
  • Beethovens Reaction to Napoleon
    _____________________
  • ? Napoleon and the Catholic Church
  • Concordat of 1801
  • Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the
    Catholic Church that had developed after the
    confiscation of Church property and the Civil
    Constitution of the Clergy.

65
  • The Spanish Ulcer
  • Napoleon conquered and occupied Spain
  • The Spanish mounted _________________ against
    Napoleon (which means? - _________________________
    _________)
  • This forced Napoleon to spend a
    __________________ and to lock down a great
    number ___________________ in Spain
  • Napoleons 1st Major Loss
  • Trafalgar ____________________ ___________________
    _________ ____________________________
    ___________________________
  • The Continental System
  • ____________________________ _____________________
    _______ ____________________________
  • Napoleons Fatal Flaw
  • Never ____________ with his victories
  • When Russia ignored the Continental System
    Napoleon raises his largest army yet
    (___________) and invaded
  • The Big Blunder ? Russia
  • In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of
    614,000 men eastward across central Europe and
    into Russia.
  • The Scorched Earth Policy
  • The Russians avoided ______________________ with
    Napoleon.
  • They retreated to Moscow, _________________
    _________________________________ hoping that
    its size and the weather would act as support
    for the Russian cause.
  • The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and
    ____________________________ , leaving the French
    to operate far from their _____________ in
    territory stripped ___________________
  • Dont forget that the French military plans
    called for armies to ____________________________
    from the enemy
  • September 14, 1812 ? Napoleon reached Moscow, but
    the city ___________________________________.
  • ? Napoleon Abdicates
  • Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
  • Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his
    son, but the Allies insisted on
    _________________________________.
  • Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
  • Treaty of Fontainbleau ? exiles Napoléon ______
    with an annual
  • income of 2,000,000 francs. Why be so nice to
    him? - __________
  • _________________________
  • The royalists took control and restored
    _____________to the throne.
  • ? The Hundred Days
  • France versus ____________________________________
    ____ _____________________________________________
    _______
  • Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on
    March 1, 1815 ? the beginning of his 100 Days.
  • Napoleons Defeat at Waterloo
  • St. Helena _______________________________________
    ________________________________________________
  • ? The Congress of Vienna
  • Key Players ______________________________________
    ______
  • Key Principles
  • Balance of Power
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