A Brief History of SUPERCOMPUTING Programmable Computers

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A Brief History of SUPERCOMPUTING(Programmable
Computers)

• Early Computing History 1940s
• 1943 The Colossus, a vacuum tube computer, is
  built by the British to crack the German Enigma
  code during World War II.
• 1944 The Harvard Mark I was completed, it was
  the first large-scale, general-purpose ,
  automatic computer. Weighed about 5 tons.
• 1945 The Mark II the first computer to be
  debugged. Grace Hopper, designer of Cobol,
  finds a moth in one of the relays.

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A Brief History of SUPERCOMPUTING

• Early Computing History 1940s
• 1945 The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator
  and Computer) is assembled and delivered to the
  Moore School at the University of Pennsylvania.
• Designed to compute WW II ballistic firing
  tables, it house 19,000 vacuum tubes.
• 1947 Invention of the transistor revolutionizes
  computing and electronic s by performing the
  same function as a vacuum tube - switching an
  electrical current.

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A Brief History of SUPERCOMPUTING

• Early Computing History 1940s
• 1948 Mark I computer at Manchester University
  in the U.K. is tested as the first stored
  program computer. It stores programs as well as
  data in memory.
• 1949 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic
  Calculator) at U.K.s Cambridge University
  becomes a practical, large-scale stored program
  computer.

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Architectural Evolution

• Flops
• Flops (Floating-point operations per second) a
  common measurement for rating the speed of
  computers.
• Floating-point operations include any operations
  that involve fractional numbers. Such operations
  take much longer to compute than integer
  operations
• 1 Megaflops (Mflops) one million flops
• 1 Gigaflops (Gflops) one billion flops
• 1Teraflops (Tflops) one trillion flops

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ENIAC

• Replacing one of ENIACs 19,000 tubes

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The Transistor

• 1947 Invention of the Transistor