Multimedia

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Multimedia

• Multimedia - Definitions and Applications
• Media Elements
• Desk Top Publishing

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What is it?
Digital Multimedia is any combination of two or
more media, represented in a digital form,
sufficiently well integrated to be presented via
a single interface, or manipulated by a single
computer program. Digital Multimedia, Nigel
Chapman and Jenny Chapman, Wiley,
2000. Multimedia is the presentation of a
(usually interactive) computer application,
incorporating media elements such as text,
graphics, video, animation and sound, on a
computer. Multimedia, Concepts and Practice,
Stephen McGloughlin, Prentice Hall, 2001.
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Its Components

• text
• clipart
• graphics
• animation
• sound
• video.
• Hypermedia - Multimedia Links.
• Hypertext - Text Links.

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Examples
Multimedia Desktop Publishing /
Databases Hypertext Electronic
Books Hypermedia WWW CDROM Encyclopaedia.
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Effect of Media Type on Memory Recall
Recall
90
80
70
Percentage of Facts Remembered
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Reading
Hearing
Seeing
Hearing
Saying
and
and
Seeing
Doing
Treichler, D. G. (1967). Are you missing the boat
in training aid? Film and A-V Communication, 1,
14-16.
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A Contradictory View
Unfortunately, Treichlers very compelling
statistics are not based on empirical research.
So says Lawrence J. Najjar, School of Psychology,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
30332-0170, USA. Najjar, L. J. (1996a). The
effects of multimedia and elaborative encoding on
learning (GIT-GVU-96-05). Atlanta, GA Georgia
Institute of Technology, Graphics, Visualization,
and Usability Center. Najjar, L. J. (1996).
Multimedia information and learning. Journal of
Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 5, 129-150.
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The Multimedia Lifecycle
Stephen Haag, Daniels College of Business, Univ.
of Denver. Maeve Cummings, Pittsburg State
University Jim Dawkins, Daniels College of
Business, Univ. of Denver
Analysis Phase
Design
Implementing
Testing and Documentation
Delivery
Production
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Production at Glamorgan
Hardware PCs PIII 500MHz with 13 Gb Hard
Drives 256 Mb RAM, CD R/W and 17
Monitors. Scanners Video Capture VCRs Sound
Capture and editing Software Windows 2000 Adobe
Photoshop Paint Shop Pro Adobe Premiere Sonic
Foundry, SoundForge Authorware, Director, Flash
Dreamweaver Office 2000
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Graphic Formats
There are two means of storing graphical data on
computers bitmap (or raster) graphics and vector
graphics. Bitmap graphics formats store each
pixel of an image (i.e. each dot out of which the
image is constructed) as a number, and so the
data file essentially consists of a matrix of
numbers representing all of the pixels of the
image. Vector graphics on the other hand
consist of definitions of all of the lines out of
which the image is constructed (i.e. position,
size, colour etc.).
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Bitmap (Raster) Graphics
Windows Device Independent Bitmap (DIB or
BMP) Compuserves Graphics Interchange Format
(GIF) Portable Network Graphics (PNG) PCX format
used in PC Paintbrush
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Vector Graphics
Postscript (PS) - page description language
developed by Adobe Computer Graphics Metafile
(CGM) - an ISO/IEC standard format for storing
and transferring vector graphics Windows Metafile
Format (WMF) - Microsoft
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Bitmap Compression

• Run Length Encoding compression. (RLE)
• Joint Photographic Expert Group compression.
  (JPEG)
• FRACTAL compression. Fractal Image Format (FIF)
• They aren't fractal images but graphics file
  format that uses fractal geometry to compress
  images.

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Sound

• MIDI sound (equivalent to vector graphics)
• Digitised sound (equivalent to bitmap graphics)
• About Sound Formats
• http//www.soundorama.com/formats.html
• http//www.lysator.liu.se/zap/tutorial/formats.ht
  ml
• http//www.site4sound.com/sndchart.html

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Video

• Analogue Video
• Digital Video
• Video Formats
• http//www6.tomshardware.com/video/99q3/990924/
• http//www.targetvision.com/enterprisebytargetvisi
  on/newpage21.htm

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Desk Top Publishing

• Combining text and graphics into documents such
  as
• books,
• magazines,
• brochures, and
• manuals
• by using a computer system, special software, and
  high-resolution output devices.

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History of DTP
http//www.brainerd.org/ Paul Brainerd formed
the Aldus Corporation in 1984 and, together with
a group of engineers, developed a product called
PageMaker, which allowed individuals to combine
text and graphics on pages using low-cost
computers and laser printers. Desktop publishing
and PageMaker revolutionised the publishing
industry by giving individuals the tools to
produce their own publications. In 1994, Paul
sold the Aldus Corporation
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• Mainly Macintosh computers, but can be PCs,
  running powerful graphics software.
• Also
• scanners,
• colour, and black and white laser printers,
• offset and silk screen printing equipment.

What kind of equipment do they use in
Desk-Top-Publishing?
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What software programs are they using in
Desk-Top-Publishing?
Originally Aldus PageMaker now Adobe
PageMaker, (Desk Top Publishing) Adobe
PhotoShop, (Digital Image Editor) Adobe
Illustrator, (Illustration software)
Three very popular software titles currently
being used in the field.
http//www.adobe.com/
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Summary

• Multimedia - Definitions and Applications
• Media Elements
• Desk Top Publishing

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Recommended Reading

• New Frontiers of Learning - http//ibis.nott.ac.uk
  /guidelines/index.html
• Multimedia the complete guide. Dorling
  Kindersley, 1996, 005.75/MUL
• http//www.dk.com/uk/
• Adobe Products - http//www.adobe.com/