Species

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Welcome back to IB 150...
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Lecture 16 Animal Behavior
Readings Ch. 51
Behavior as Phenotype
ethology, von Frisch, Lorenz, Tinbergen, fixed
action pattern, imprinting, proximate vs.
ultimate Proximate Studies of Behavior neuroethol
ogy, behavior genetics, comparative psychology
Simple Behavioral Categories kinesis, taxis,
migration, communication, foraging, aggression,
courtship, cooperation Effects of the Environment
nutrition, learning
Evolution of Behavior
group and individual selection Sexual Selection
and Mating Systems polyandry, polygyny, monogamy
Parental Care male, female, biparental Behavior
al Polymorphisms alternative mating strategies,
cooperative breeding and eusociality Evolution
and Human Behavior
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Behavior as Phenotype

• Early 20th C. - birth of ethology
• Behavior is just another phenotype
• Characterized like other traits
• Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen

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Fixed Action Pattern
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Imprinting
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Proximate vs. Ultimate Explanations
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Types of Behavior

• Movements
• Communication
• Foraging
• Aggression and Territoriality
• Courtship and Parental Care

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Kinesis, taxis, migration
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Communication

• Signal and Receiver
• Visual, Accoustic, Chemical, Electrical
• Information transfer manipulation?

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Bee Waggle Dance
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Foraging
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Aggression

• Why dont these animals kill each other?

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Proximate Studies of Behavior

• Neuroethology
• Behavior Genetics
• Comparative Psychology and Comparative Ethology

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Neural Basis of a Photoresponse
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Neural Basis of Learning
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Genes and Behavior
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Stimulus and response
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Environmental Effects

• Diet and nutrition
• - Drosophila example
• Learning

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Evolutionary Study of Behavior

• What is behavior for?
• Individual vs. Group Selection

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Evolution of Reproductive Behavior

• Mating Systems and Sexual Selection
• Parental Care
• Alternative Reproductive Strategies
• Cooperative Breeding (Altruism?)

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Stalk-eyed flies from Asia (males)
Why do some species have these extreme traits and
not others?
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Variation in Mating System is related to variance
in fitness (Opportunity for Selection)
Why do mating systems vary?
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Parental Care

• Who cares for offspring?
• Male? Female? Both? Neither?
• Depends on Assurance of Paternity and Cost of
  Not Caring

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Alternative Mating Strategies
More than one way to get a mate
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Reproductive Altruism

• Why do some individuals forgo reproduction to
  help others reproduce?

Dwarf mongoose on guard
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A Problem For Darwin
Social insects - Live in colonies with only one
or a few reproductive females (queens)
In ants - caste is fixed at birth
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Coefficient of Relatedness
parents
p 0.5
offspring
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Cooperation in Ground Squirrels
Which sex gives alarm calls?
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Evolution of Human Behavior

• Human Sociobiology or Evolutionary Psychology
• Has the same problems as studying human genetics
  of complex traits
• Also human cultural evolution is proceeding very
  rapidly - very controversial area of study

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Lecture 16 Animal Behavior
Readings Ch. 51
Behavior as Phenotype
ethology, von Frisch, Lorenz, Tinbergen, fixed
action pattern, imprinting, proximate vs.
ultimate Proximate Studies of Behavior neuroethol
ogy, behavior genetics, comparative psychology
Simple Behavioral Categories kinesis, taxis,
migration, communication, foraging, aggression,
courtship, cooperation Effects of the Environment
nutrition, learning
Evolution of Behavior
group and individual selection Sexual Selection
and Mating Systems polyandry, polygyny, monogamy
Parental Care male, female, biparental Behavior
al Polymorphisms alternative mating strategies,
cooperative breeding and eusociality Evolution
and Human Behavior