Agriculture and Food Sector in Turkey

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Agriculture and Food Sector in Turkey

• TOLGA SARIYER
• TURKEY

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• Total cropland is comprised of both arable and
  permanent land in a given country for each year.
• Hectares of cropland per 1,000 population is
  calculated using national population data for the
  year specified.
• Arable and Permanent Cropland as a Percent of
  Total Land area is calculated by dividing total
  cropland (above) by total land area for a given
  country.
• Percentage of cropland that is irrigated is
  calculated by dividing irrigated land by total
  cropland (above) for a given country.

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Agriculture And Food Sector In Turkey

• Turkey's fertile soil and hard-working farmers
  make the country one of the few in the world that
  is self-sufficient in terms of food. Turkey's
  great variety of microclimates and adequate
  rainfall permit a broad range of crops. Farming
  is conducted throughout the country, although it
  is less common in the mountainous eastern
  regions, where animal husbandry is the principal
  activity. In the mid-1990s, crop cultivation
  accounted for about two-thirds and livestock for
  one-third of the gross value of agricultural
  production forestry and fishing combined
  contributed a minimal amount.
• Agriculture sector that in 2005 still accounted
  for 30 of employment.

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GDPA region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is
one of several measures of the size of its
economy.
GDP consumption investment government
spending (exports - imports )
Historically, the agriculture (As of 2003
agriculture sector contributed to about 24 of
the GDP, In 2000 16 percent ) sector has been
Turkeys one of the largest employer and a major
contributor to the countrys GDP (GDP
508,700,000,000), exports and industrial growth.

• However, as the country has developed,
  agriculture has declined in importance relative
  to the rapidly growing industry and services
  sectors. Today agriculture and livestock,
  employing more than 30 percent of the countrys
  workforce. Turkey is the largest producer and
  exporter of agricultural products in the Near
  East and North Africa.

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Nowadays consumers are becoming increasingly
interested in environmentally products. Thus, the
desire for healthy life has oriented consumers
towards healthy food and organic agricultural
products.
Organic Agricultural Area in Turkey for 2003
Exports Trend is 37 million in 2003 from organic
products.
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Development of Organic Agriculture in Turkey
Source for Land under organic management
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA)
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• The main export markets are the European
  Union and the United States--to which Turkey
  primarily exports dried fruit and nuts, cotton,
  and tobacco --and the Middle East, which
  primarily imports fresh fruit, vegetables, and
  meat from Turkey.

Turkey usually leads the world in the production
and export of hazelnuts
Turkey, which is one of the few countries in the
world with favourable weather conditions for
hazelnut production, ( Hazelnut fields, in the
western Black Sea, it starts from Zonguldak (east
of Istanbul) and extends to the east over the
entire Black Sea) accounts for 75 of the global
production and 70-75 of the exportation.
4.000.000 people are directly or indirectly
related to hazelnut which has been produced on an
area of 550-600 thousand hectares in Turkey,
which is a fact that boosts the socio-economic
importance of hazelnut.
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Regional Agricultural Output Pattern of Turkey
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Vegetal Products sector

• Vegetal production is the leading sub-sector
  of Turkish agriculture and it is mainly made up
  of fresh fruits and vegetables, cereals, pulses,
  industrial plants and fodder crops.Turkey has a
  major role among the important producing
  countries of pulses in the world. Over 70
  countries have imported Turkish pulses in 2004.
  Turkey is the main producer of oriental type
  tobacco in the world. Among the main industrial
  crops produced in Turkey, tobacco is a
  traditional agricultural export item of the
  country.

Exports Trend is 417 million in 2004 from
tobacco.
Oriental tobacco type
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Dried Fruits

• Fig cultivation is believed to belong to the
  Mediterranean basin, especially to Anatolia.
  Producing 50-55 of the worlds total dried fig
  production, Turkey also has a share of 55 in the
  total world exports of dried figs.
• There are 1200 different types of grapes in
  Turkey and among these varieties, seedless
  Yuvarlak and Sultani are the main varieties
  used for raisin. Dried apricots also dominate the
  world markets.

Sultani seedless grape
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Agro-industry

• The frozen fruits and vegetables industry has
  undergone various remarkable changes and is one
  of the important export oriented (75-80 of the
  amount produced is exported) food sectors.
• Dehydrated vegetable industry is a minor branch
  of the Turkish agro-industry but a remarkable
  development is expected in the near future due to
  both the availability of raw materials and the
  new investments in the industry.
• Tomato processing industry is the pioneering
  sector in food processing industry. Although the
  dominant traditional processing line is tomato
  paste processing, peeled and diced tomatoes are
  the other promising products.
• However, Turkey one of the preferred suppliers of
  cheese product. Besides the traditional cheeses,
  which are mainly otlu cheese, tulum cheeses, urfa
  cheese, white cheese,salinized diyarbakir orgu
  cheese and etc., other types of products that are
  demanded internationally, are also poduced. Among
  these products mozzarella, kashkaval and white
  cheese have special importance in Turkish foreign
  trade.

Mozzarella cheese
Kashkaval cheese
white cheese
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Oilseeds sector

• Because of her vast agricultural potential,
  oilseeds have always been one of the important
  sectors of Turkish agriculture.
• Several vegetable oils, mainly sunflower oil,
  corn oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil and
  hazelnut oil are produced in Turkey.
• Having the longest coastline on the Mediterranean
  Sea, Turkey has been one of the major producers
  of olives among Mediterranean countries.
  Therefore, olive oil traditions and olive oil
  dishes have always been the pride of Turkish
  culture since the time of the Ottomans.

hazelnut oil
Export trend is 164 million in 2003 from olive
oil.
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• The sugar and chocolate confectionary sector in
  Turkey is historically based on the production of
  the traditional Turkish confectionary products
  such as Turkish delight and halva.
• The sector has become one of the most important
  subsectors of the food industry using modern
  technology together with the traditional
  production methods.

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Agricultural Policy

• In 2001 the Agricultural Reform and
  implementation Project (ARIP) supported by a loan
  from the World Bank has been launched to help
  implementing the Turkish Governments
  agricultural reform program.
• Direct Income Support (DIS) for farmers is
  implemented to set up a mechanism for identifying
  farmers who are eligible for payments under the
  DIS, and a mechanism for delivering those
  payments. Other important components of the
  Agricultural Reform and implementation project is
  Agricultural Sales Cooperatives and Agricultural
  Sales Cooperatives Unions Restructuring project,
  this project will affect politicial, social and
  economical aspects of agriculture sector,
  including natural resources use.
• The agricultural policies are determined within
  the framework of the World Trade Organization
  Agreements.
• Since its initial reform efforts, Turkey has made
  significant strides in opening up its borders to
  imports and reducing controls on exports.

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Tends in Agricultural Production (1000 Tons)
Source State Institute of Statistics,
Agricultural Structure 2003
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new agriculturist online-country profile Turkey

• Cereal production occupies 75 of Turkey's
  cropland. With a wheat production (21 million
  tons) and barley production (9 million tons) in
  1999, Turkey is one of the world's biggest wheat
  and barley producers. Besides cotton and tobacco,
  sugar beet is another important industrial crop
  (22 million tons in 1998).

http//www.new-agri.co.uk/00-3/countryp.html
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Tends in Agricultural Production (1000 Tons)
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Tends in Agricultural Production (1000)
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Exports Trend in Selected Food and Agricultural
Products ( million)
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Exports Trend in Selected Food and Agricultural
Products (2004)
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Exports Trend in Selected Food and Agricultural
Products (2004)
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Number of Turkish fish farms, farm capacities and
production in 2003.
(Source Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs (Gozgozoglu, 2004)).
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Number of Turkish fish farms, farm capacities and
production in 2003
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• The rainbow trout (Onchorhychus mykiss) has been
  cultured since the early 1970s and Turkey has
  become one of the top trout producing countries
  in Europe with an annual production of 40 000
  tonnes, or 51 percent of country's total
  aquaculture production. Today there are 1 215
  freshwater and 11 sea-based farms which are
  situated in the Black Sea.
• Fisheries represent about 0.3 percent of Turkey's
  GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and 2.7 percent of
  the country's total agricultural production.

Fish farms, and production in Turkey
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South Eastern Anatolia Project (GAP)

• The Southeastern Anatolian Project is Turkey's
  largest and most multifaceted development
  project, and also, one of the largest development
  projects in the world. The project includes
  active farming with extensive irrigation systems
  and electricity production.
• The Southeastern Anatolia Project covers the
  lower parts of the Firat and Dicle rivers and
  Gazi Antep, Sanli Urfa, Adiyaman, Diyarbakir,
  Mardin, Siirt, Batman and Sirnak, which are
  situated on the plains between the rivers. This
  project will also bring with it a change in
  climate in the area.

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• The main objective of GAP is transform
  Southeastern Anatolia into an Export Center
  based on Agriculture. One of the ultimate
  objectives of the project is to widen the
  irrigation schemes in an area extending over 1.7
  mill hectares (at present, total in the GAP
  region is 225 thousand hectares).
• The Ataturk Dam and Hydroelectric Plant, the
  largest in Turkey and the sixth largest in the
  world, is situated in the Bozova town of Sanli
  Urfa. Ataturk Dam, which is the major foundation
  of the Southeastern Anatolia Project, is
  important not only for energy production but also
  for irrigation.

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• Current activities under GAP covers sectors
  as
• (1)irrigation,
• (2) hydraulic energy production,
• (3) agriculture,
• (4) urban and rural infrastructure,
• (5) forestry,
• (6) education and
• (7) health.
• Water resources envisages the construction of
  22 dams (12dams finished in 2000 and 8 dams
  planned) and 19 power plants (8 plants or 74
  capacity was reached by 2005) and irrigation
  schemes on an area extending over 1.7 million
  hectares. 7 airports have been finished and
  active, GAP cargo airport (the biggest in Turkey)
  finished.
• Cotton production increased from 150,000
  metric tons to 400,000 metric tons, making the
  region the top cotton producer.

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RAKI SECTOR IN TURKEY

• Raki is a national drink, an aniseed-flavored
  clear grape brandy, similar to Greek ouzo or
  French pastis, that clouds when water is added.
• Mey alcohol industry and trade industry is
  Turkeys leading producer of raki with 80 share,
  and is one of the largest producers of wine in
  the country.
• 80 percent of the domestic consumption of
  distilled alcoholic drinks is composed of raki.
  Production of raki is still being carried out 6
  raki factories of TEKEL in Turkey.
• Total capasity of production is 84.8 million
  liters a year.

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TOLGA SARIYER