Phylum Porifera

1
Phylum Porifera
the Sponges
2
I. General Information

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Porifera
• Porifera pore bearer

Yellow barrel sponge
Pink lumpy sponge
3
I. General Information

• Size range
• 1 cm to
• 2 meters in diameter

Giant Barrel sponges
4
II. Body Structure

• Ostia pores many, water IN
• Oscula large opening(s), one or few, water OUT

osculum
5
(No Transcript)
6
II. Body Structure

• C. Choanocytes
• collar cells have flagella
• D. Amoebocytes
• transport food to layer of cells not on
  the surface

7
II. Body Structure

• E. Spicules
• skeleton hard splinter-like
• made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
• or silica (Si)
• F. Spongin
• flexible protein

8
III. Level of organization

• A. Cellular
• B. Eukaryotic
• C. No tissues

Japanese Deep Sea Sponge
9
IV. Symmetry

• A. Some asymetrical
• B. Some radial

10
V. Habitat

• Aquatic -
• A. Marine
• and
• B. Fresh-water

Purple Rope sponge
Fresh-water Sponge
11
VI. Feeding

• Heterotrophic
• Filter feeders
• Food trapped by choanocytes
• Intracellular digestion (within the cell)
• No digestive tract

12
VI. Feeding

• Water food goes in via ostia
• Choanocytes trap food in spongocoel
• Amoebocytes carry food to inner layer of cells
• Water out osculum

13
VII. Respiration

• - via diffusion

14
VIII. Internal transport

• via diffusion

15
IX. Response

• NONE !
• No Nervous
• System
• No
• cephalization

Pipe organ sponge
16
X. Locomotion

• movement or motility
• Larvae
• Free-
• swimming,
• use cilia
• Adults
• Sessile
• (do NOT
• move)

17
XI. Reproduction

• Asexual
• budding
• b. gemmules formed in
• stress conditions

18
XI. Reproduction

• 2. Sexual
• a. Most monoecious
• both sexes in same organism
• (hermaphrodites)
• egg sperm produced
• cross fertilization
• egg sperm gt free-swimming larvae

19
XI. Reproduction

• 2. Sexual
• b. Some dioecious
• Separate sexes
• Egg OR sperm produced

Sponge releasing sperm
20
(No Transcript)
21
XII. Ecological Roles

• Habitat for other
• aquatic animals
• B. Food for some

22
XII. Ecological Roles

• C. Home use
• bathing,
• cleaning,
• home improvement,
• other

23
XII. Ecological Roles

• D. Medical research
• Sponges do not get cancer
• Why not?
• Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting
  cancer to treat humans..

24
Azure Vase Sponge
25
Giant Barrel Sponge
26
White Cryptic Sponge
27
Elephant Ear Sponge
28
Stove pipe sponge
29
Yellow Vase Sponges
30
Yellow Barrel Sponge
31
Red Branch Sponge
32
How deep would the oceans be if there were no
sponges?