Phylum Porifera

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Phylum Porifera
Sponges-Pore-bearing
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Phylum PoriferaSponges-Pore-bearing

• Basic Characteristics
• Aquatic environments
• Sessile-they cant move
• Heterotrophic filter feeder
• Respirations Excretion carried through water
• No nervous System
• Reproduce Sexually(hemaproditic) Asexually
• Asymmetric symmetry

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Phylum PoriferaSponges-Pore-bearing

• Special Adaptations
• Regeneration
• collar cells have flagella to filter food
• Large opening in top of sponge where water exits

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Phylum PoriferaSponges-Pore-bearing

• The Good And the Bad
• Make up coral reefs
• Protect land from waves
• Animal habitat
• Consumer products

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Phylum PoriferaSponges-Pore-bearing

• For Example.
• Euspongia - bath sponge
• Glass sponges
• Tube sponges
• Finger sponges

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Phylum Cnidaria
stinging cells
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Phylum Cnidaria stinging cells

• Basic Characteristics
• Radial Symmetry
• sting and capture food
• Aquatic, mostly marine
• Two body forms
• Movement Polyp sessile, Medusa free-swimming
• Asexual and sexual reproduction

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Phylum Cnidaria stinging cells

• Special Adaptations
• NEMATOCYSTS-stinging cells
• Coral colonial
• Have nerve nets (network of nerve cells that
  allow it to detect stimuli)

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Medusa
Polyp
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Phylum Cnidaria stinging cells

• The Good And the Bad
• Coral reefs-aquatic habitats
• Symbiotic relationships-Sea Anemone
• Can be deadly-Man O war

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Phylum Cnidaria stinging cells

• For Example.
• Hydra-Man O war
• Jellyfish
• Sea Anemone
• Coral reefs

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Phylum Platyhelminthes
"flatworms"
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

• Basic Characteristics
• Symmetry Bilateral
• Parasites (absorb), carnivores, scavengers
• Aquatic(fresh salt), Terrestrial, within a host
• Reproduction Asexual (REGENERATION) and sexual
• acoelomate -no body cavity
• CEPHALIZATION or a head with ganglia or small
  brain

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mouth anus
Tape Worms
(detect light)
PLANARIA
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

• Special Adaptations
• One opening to digestive system, mouthanus
• rely on diffusion to get oxygen
• eyespots to detect light
• move by cilia and body muscle
• reproduce asexually by fission regeneration and
  sexually by being hermaphrodites, contain both
  male female parts

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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

• The Good And the Bad
• Free living flatworms often eat dead matter
• Flukes are parasitic flat worms
• Tapeworms, eat your digested food.

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Schistosoma mansoni
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

• For Example.

Parasitic Tapeworm
Non-parasitic planaria
Parasitic Liver fluke
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Phylum Nematoda
roundworms
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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

• Basic Characteristics
• Symmetry Bilateral
• Carnivores, Parasites, Scavengers
• Habitat Aquatic, terrestrial, within a host,
  very diverse
• Reproduction Sexual (internal fertilization)

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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

• Special Adaptations
• Two body openings, mouth anus
• Pseudocoelom-false body cavity
• Diffusion carries nutrients and wastes

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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

• The Good And the Bad
• Used in scientific research
• Phylum well know for parasite species
• Some parasite worms can clog blood vessels
• Other worms eat host digested food

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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

• For Example.
• Hook worms
• Trichinosis
• Ascaris (Heartworms)
• C. Elegans

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Phylum Annelida

• segmented worms

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Phylum Annelida segmented worms

• Basic Characteristics
• Symmetry Bilateral
• Feeding Carnivores, Scavengers, Parasites, very
  diverse
• Habitat Terrestrial and Aquatic
• Reproduction Mostly sexual (external
  fertilization for separate sexes), some species
  are hermaphroditic

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Phylum Annelida segmented worms

• Special Adaptations
• Well-developed nervous system (brain and nerve
  cords
• Coelom-first to have true body cavity
• Closed circulatory system-does not rely on
  diffusion
• Hydrostatic Skeleton-longitudinal and circular
  muscles

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Phylum Annelida segmented worms

• The Good And the Bad
• Decomposer, earthworms
• Medical uses, leeches
• Important part of food chain, terrestrial
  aquatic

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Phylum Annelida segmented worms

• For Example.
• Earthworms
• Leeches
• Polychaetes, marines annelids

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Germ Layers
Segmented worms
Flatworms
Roundworms
Acoelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Coelomate
 Ectoderm  Nervous system, epidermis of the skin, pituitary, lens of eye
 Mesoderm  Muscles, skeleton, notochord, circulatory system, kidney, reproductive system
 Endoderm  Lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, epithelial lining of lungs, many endocrine glands
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Phylum Mollusca
the mollusks
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Phylum Mollusca soft body

• Basic Characteristics
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Herbivores, Carnivores, Filter-feeders,
  Scavengers, or Parasites
• Aquatic and Terrestrial
• Movement Motile (very diverse ways, even jet
  propulsion!)
• Reproduction Sexual (often external
  fertilization

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Phylum Mollusca soft body

• Special Adaptations
• Gastropods
• shell-less or single-shelled mollusks, use
  muscular foot to move
• ex slugs, snails
• Respire through diffusion
• Bivalves
• Have two shells held together by muscles
• Ex clams, oysters, mussels
• Respire with gills
• Cephalopods
• Squids, Octopi, and Chambered Nautiluses
• Show very intelligent, learned behaviors
• Feet with suckers

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Phylum Mollusca soft body

• The Good And the Bad
• Large food source for humans and other animals
• Live symbiotically with other organisms
• Some are filter feeders, decomposers
• Used in scientific research

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Phylum Mollusca soft body

• For Example.
• Clams
• Oysters
• Nautilus
• Snails, slugs
• Octopus
• Squid

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Phylum Echinodermata
spiny skin
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Phylum Echinodermata spiny skin

• Basic Characteristics
• Radial Symmetry
• Carnivores and scavengers
• Marine
• Motile, most use tube feet
• Reproduction Sexual (external fertilization)

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Phylum Echinodermata spiny skin

• Special Adaptations
• Spiny skin
• Internal skeleton
• Water vascular system
• Tube feet (suction), used to pry open clams,
  oysters

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Phylum Echinodermata spiny skin

• The Good And the Bad
• Important in predator of urchins, clams
• Bio-indicators of marine life
• Crown-of-thorns, destroyed extensive areas of
  coral, especially the Great Barrier Reef

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Phylum Echinodermata spiny skin

• For Example.
• Sea Cucumbers
• Sea Urchins
• Brittle Star
• Sea Stars

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Phylum Arthropoda

• jointed appendages

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Phylum Arthropoda jointed legs

• Basic Characteristics
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores
• Aquatic and Terrestrial, VERY diverse habitats
• Motile, using well-developed groups of muscles
• Sexual Reproduction(internal and external
  fertilization)
• Open Circulatory System

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Basic insect internal structure
HEAD
THORAX
ABDOMEN
ANTENNA
Legs are always attached to thorax
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Phylum Arthropoda jointed appendages

• Special Adaptations
• Exoskeleton of chitin, molting
• Jointed appendages
• Respiration tracheal tubes, spiracles, book
  lungs
• Can taste and smell with mouthparts, antennae
  legs
• Heightened sense of hearing and detecting
  movement
• Specialized mouthparts for eating almost anything
• Many can fly-have spread everywhere!

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Phylum Arthropoda jointed appendages

• The Good And the Bad
• Many insects cause damage
• Termites, Lice
• Mosquitos(spread disease, malaria)
• Locusts
• Many Insects contribute to life
• Pollinate plants
• Produce honey, wax, silk
• Sometimes we eat them!

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METAMORPHOSIS
Adult
Adult
Eggs
Eggs
Nymph
Larva
Adult
CompleteMetamorphosis
IncompleteMetamorphosis
Nymph
Larva
Pupa
Nymph
Immature
Adult
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Phylum Arthropoda jointed appendages

• For Example.

• Spiders
• Horseshoe crabs
• Tarantulas
• Ticks
• Scorpions

• Insects
• Centipedes
• Millipedes
• Beetles
• Flies
• Wasps

• Crustaceans
• Crabs
• Lobsters
• Shrimp
• Crayfish
• Barnacles