History of Cartography

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History of Cartography
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What is a map?

• OED
• A drawing or other representation of the
  earth's surface or a part of it made on a flat
  surface, showing the distribution of physical or
  geographical features (and often also including
  socio-economic, political, agricultural,
  meteorological, etc., information), with each
  point in the representation corresponding to an
  actual geographical position according to a fixed
  scale or projection a similar representation of
  the positions of stars in the sky, the surface of
  a planet, or the like. Also a plan of the form
  or layout of something, as a route, a building,
  etc.

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What is a map?

• Wikipedia
• A map is a visual representation of an area--a
  symbolic depiction highlighting relationships
  between elements of that space such as objects,
  regions, and themes.

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Map for the Soul, Egyptian Book of the Dead
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What is a Map?

• Merrimam-Webster Online Dictionary
• a representation usually on a flat surface of the
  whole or a part of an area b a representation of
  the celestial sphere or a part of it

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What is a map?

• Answers.com
• A representation, usually on a plane surface, of
  a region of the earth or heavens.

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So what on earth is a map?

• A representation of mans relationship with his
  environment, including political and physical
  geography, scientific information, and cultural
  information amongst other things.

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What are the purposes of maps?
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What are the Purposes of maps?

• Convey information about new lands
• Aid in exploration
• Aid in travel
• Inform urban planning
• Aid in solving boundary disputes
• Support imperial claims
• Expressions of power
• propaganda

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Catino Planisphere (1502)
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Portolan Map of the Mediterranean, 1559 (Majorca)
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Pilgrimage Map, Matthew Paris, Chronicle (ca 1250)
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Christian Knight World Map, Netherlands, 1596