Title: Research Process and Methods
1Research Process and Methods
Prof.Dr. Srisakdi Charmonman Board Chairman and
CEO College of Internet Distance
Education Assumption University
charm_at_ksc.au.edu
www.charm.au.edu
Keynote Address, Academic Research Seminar Ph.D.
in eLearning Methodology, Collage of Internet
Distance Education, Assumption University, July
26, 2008
2Research Process and Methods
- Introduction
- Definition of Research
- Research Process
- Research Methods
- Research Publishing
- Other Types of Researches
- Concluding Remarks
2
3- As of July 2008,the program of Ph.D. in
eLearning Methodologyat Assumption Universityis
the first and the only such programin the world.
3
44
5Introduction (Cont.)
- CIDE Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology established
with emphasis on research. - The Ph.D. Research must be original and
significant. - It is not acceptable to be- original but not
significant- not original but significant
5
6Introduction (Cont.)
- At least one research paper must be published in
a refereed publication of - ACM (Association
for Computing Machinery)- IEEE (Institute of
Electrical and Electronic Engineers)- Other
learned societies at the same level as ACM and
IEEE
6
7Introduction (Cont.)
- As of July 2008, the field of eLearning is
still rather virgin in the sense thatnot many
Ph.D.-level researcheshave been carried out.
7
8Introduction (Cont.)
- A Ph.D. candidate in eLearning Methodology may do
research in- Hardware for eLearning- Software
for eLearning- Network for eLearning- Security
for eLearning
8
9Introduction (Cont.)
- - Management of eLearning
- - Human Resource in eLearning
- - Marketing of eLearning
- - Finance of eLearning
9
10Introduction (Cont.)
- - Best Practices in eLearning
- - eLearning Degree Programs
- - Corporate eLearning
- - Support of eLearning
- - eLearning Technology
10
11Introduction (Cont.)
- - Course Delivery
- - Interactive Group Learning
- - Collaborative Learning
- - Accessible eLearning
- - Courseware Design and Production
11
12Introduction (Cont.)
- - Conformance and Standards
- - Usability and Evaluation Framework
- - Multilingual Contents
- - Shared Resources
- - Learning Management Systems
-
12
13Introduction (Cont.)
- - Knowledge On-Demand
- - Quality Assurance
- - Interoperability eLearning
- - Principles and Practices
- - Theories of Learning and eLearning
13
14Introduction (Cont.)
- - Psychological Theories of eLearning
- - Experiences and Lessons Learned
- - eLearning Design Approaches
- - Any other related topics
14
152. Definition of Research
- From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research,
- Research is human activity based on intellectual
applicationsin the investigation of matter. - Research may be classified as- Basic Research-
Applied Research
15
162.1 Basic Research
- Basic Research also be called - Fundamental
Research- Pure Research - Basic Research is research in which the primary
objectives are- The advancement of knowledge-
The theoretical understanding of the relation
among variables
16
17Definition of Research (Cont.)
- Basic Research is- Exploratory - Driven by
researchers Curiosity Interest
Intuition - Basic Research is conducted without any practical
end in mind.
17
18Definition of Research (Cont.)
- Basic Research may have unexpected practical
applications. - Basic Research may become the foundation for
Applied Research.
18
192.2 Applied Research
- Applied Research has the primary aim of-
Discovering - Interpreting- Developmentof
methods and systemsfor advancement of human
knowledgeon wide variety of scientific
mattersof the world and the universe.
19
203. Research Process
- 3.1 Scientific Research Process
- 3.2 Historical Research Process
20
213.1 Scientific Research Process
- Scientific Research process may vary depending
on- The subject matter- The researcher
21
22Scientific Research Process (Cont.)
- Most formal research, either basic or applied,
may follow the steps below - Formation of the topic
- Hypothesis
- Conceptual definitions
- Operational definitions
22
23Scientific Research Process (Cont.)
- 5) Gathering of data
- 6) Analysis of data
- 7) Test, revising of hypothesis (if necessary)
- 8) Conclusion or repeat all the steps if
necessary
23
24Scientific Research Process (Cont.)
- It should be noted that - A hypothesis is
established to make prediction - A
hypothesis is tested by observing the
outcome of experiment or survey
24
25Scientific Research Process (Cont.)
- - If the outcome is not consistent with the
hypothesis, the hypothesis is rejected.- If
the outcome is consistent with the hypothesis,
the hypothesis is accepted (the
hypothesis is not proven but is supported by
the experiment or survey).
25
263.2 Historical Research Process
- The historical method is the techniquesand
guidelines for historiansto use historical
sources and other evidencesto research and then
to write history. - For Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology,a historical
research is usually not acceptable.
26
27Historical Research Process (Cont.)
- Most historical research processmay follow the
steps below - Identification of origin date
- Evidence of localization
- Recognition of authorship
- Analysis of data
- Identification of integrity
- Attribution of credibility
27
284. Research Methods
- From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research,
- The goal of the research process is to
produce new knowledge, which takes three main
forms 1) Exploratory research which
structures and identifies new problems
2) Constructive research which develops
solutions to a problem 3) Empirical research
which tests the feasibility of a solution
using empirical evidence
28
29Research Methods (Cont.)
- Research can also fall into two distinct types
- - Primary research
- - Secondary research
29
30Research Methods (Cont.)
- Primary research is also called field
researchinvolves the collection of datathat
does not already exist. - There are numerous forms including -
questionnaires - telephone interviews - Primary researchis widely used in market
researchand competitive intelligence.
30
31Research Methods (Cont.)
- It may be very expensive because many people
need to be confronted. - By the time the research is complete it may be
out of date. - People may have to be employedor avoid their
primary dutiesfor the duration of the research. - People may not reply if emails or letters are
used.
31
32Research Methods (Cont.)
- Secondary research is also known as desk
research. - It involves the summary, collation and/or
synthesis of existing researchrather than
primary research,where data is collected from,
for example, research subjects or experiments.
32
33Research Methods (Cont.)
- Secondary researchis widely used in- market
research - medical research - The principle methodologyin medical secondary
research is the systematic review.
33
34Research Methods (Cont.)
- Systematic review is commonly using
meta-analytic statistical techniques, although
other methods of synthesis, like realist reviews
and meta-narrative reviews, have been developed
in recent years.
34
35 Research Methods (Cont.)
- Research methods used by scholars include
- 1) Action research
- 2) Cartography
- 3) Case study
- 4) Classification
- 5) Citation Analysis
35
36Research methods (Cont.)
- 6) Consumer ethnocentrism
- 7) Content or Textual Analysis
- 8) Delphi method
- 9) Ethnography
- 10) Experience and intuition
- 11) Experiments
- 12) Interviews
36
37Research methods (Cont.)
- 13) Mathematical models
- 14) Participant observation
- 15) Q methodology
- 16) Questionnaires
- 17) Simulation
- 18) Statistical analysis
- 19) Statistical surveys
37
38Research methods (Cont.)
- Action research is a reflective process of
progressive problem solving led by
individuals to improve the way they address
issues and solve problems.
38
39Research methods (Cont.)
- Cartography or mapmaking
- is the study and practice
- of making representations
- of the Earth on a flat surface.
-
-
-
39
40Research methods (Cont.)
- In Case Study, rather than using large
samples and following a rigid protocol to
examine a limited number of variables, the
method involves an in-depth, longitudinal
examination of a single instance or event a
case. -
40
41Research methods (Cont.)
- Classification or Categorization is the
process in which ideas and objects - are recognized, differentiated and
understood. - Categorization implies that objects are
grouped into categories, usually for some
specific purpose.
41
42Research methods (Cont.)
- Ideally, a category illuminates a
relationship between the subjects and objects
of knowledge - Categorization is fundamental in - language
- prediction - inference - decision
making - all kinds of environmental interaction
42
43Research methods (Cont.)
- Citation analysis is the examination of the
frequency and pattern of citations in articles
and books. - Citation is used in scholarly works to
establish links to other works or other
researchers. It is the most common method
of bibliometrics
43
44Research methods (Cont.)
- Consumer ethnocentrism is derived from the
more general psychological concept of
ethnocentrism. - Basically, ethnocentric individuals tend to
view their group as superior to others. As
such, they view other groups from the
perspective of their own, and reject those
which are different while accepting those which
are similar.
44
45Research methods (Cont.)
- Content analysis is sometimes called textual
analysis. - Content analysis is a standard methodology in
the social sciences for studying the content
of communication.
45
46Research methods (Cont.)
- Earl Babbie defined as the study of recorded
human communications, such as books, websites,
paintings and laws." - It is also a scholarly methodology in the
humanities by which texts are studied as to
authorship, authenticity, or meaning.
This latter subject include philology,
hermeneutics, and semiotics.
46
47Research methods (Cont.)
- Delphi is based on the principle that
forecasts from a structured group of experts
are more accurate than those from unstructured
groups or individuals.
47
48Research methods (Cont.)
- The technique can be adapted for use in
face-to-face meetings, and is then called
mini-Delphi or Estimate-Talk-Estimate (ETE). - Delphi has been widely used for business
forecasting and has certain advantages over
another structured forecasting approach, and
prediction markets.
48
49Research methods (Cont.)
- Ethnography presents the results of a
holistic research method founded on the idea
that a systems properties cannot necessarily
be accurately understood independently of
each other.
49
50Research methods (Cont.)
- The genre has both formal and historical
connections to travel writing and colonial
office reports. - Several academic traditions, in particular
the constructivist and relativist paradigms,
employ ethnographic research as a crucial
research method. - Many cultural anthropologists consider
ethnography the essence of the discipline
50
51Research methods (Cont.)
- Experience as a general concept comprises
knowledge of or skill in or observation of
some thing or some event gained through
involvement in or exposure to that thing or
event. - The history of the word experience aligns it
closely with the concept of experiment.
51
52Research methods (Cont.)
- In scientific inquiry, an experiment is a
method of investigating particular types of
research questions or solving particular types
of problems. - The experiment is a cornerstone in the
empirical approach to acquiring deeper
knowledge about the world and is used in
both natural sciences as well as in social
sciences.
52
53Research methods (Cont.)
- An experiment is defined, in science, as a
method of investigating less known fields,
solving practical problems, proving theoretical
assumptions
53
54Research methods (Cont.)
- An interview is a conversation between two or
more people (the interviewer and the
interviewee) where questions are asked by
the interviewer to obtain information from the
interviewee.
54
55Research methods (Cont.)
- A mathematical model uses mathematical
language to describe a system. - Mathematical models are used particularly in
the natural sciences and engineering
disciplines, such as - physics - biology -
meteorology - electrical engineering but also
in the social sciences (such as economics,
sociology and political science) physicists,
engineers, computer scientists, and economists
use mathematical models most extensively.
55
56Research methods (Cont.)
- Mathematical models are also in the social
sciences, such as - economics - sociology
- political science - Physicists, Engineers, Computer Scientists,
and Economists use mathematical models most
extensively.
56
57Research methods (Cont.)
- Eykhoff defined a mathematical model as a
representation of the essential aspects of an
existing system (or a system to be
constructed) which presents knowledge of that
system in usable form. - Mathematical models can take many forms,
including but not limited to dynamical systems,
statistical models, differential equations, or
game theoretic models.
57
58Research methods (Cont.)
- These and other types of models can overlap,
- with a given model involving a variety
of abstract structures.
58
59Research methods (Cont.)
- Participant observation is a set of research
strategies which aim to gain a close and
intimate familiarity with a given group of
individuals, such as - religious -
occupational - subcultural group - particular
community - practices through an intensive
involvement with people in their natural
environment, often though not always over
an extended period of time.
59
60Research methods (Cont.)
- The method originated in field work of social
anthropologists, especially Bronislaw
Malinowski and his students in Britain, the
students of Franz Boas in the US, and in the
urban research of the Chicago School of
sociology.
60
61Research methods (Cont.)
- Q Methodology is a research method used in
psychology and other social sciences to study
peoples subjectivity -- that is, their
viewpoint. - Q was developed by psychologist William
Stephenson. It has been used both in clinical
settings for assessing patients, as well as
in research settings to examine how people
think about a topic.
61
62Research methods (Cont.)
- The name Q comes from the form of factor
analysis that is used to analyze the data. - Normal factor analysis, called R method
involves finding correlations between
variables (say, height and age) across a
sample of subjects.
62
63Research methods (Cont.)
- A questionnaire is a research instrument
consisting of a series of questions and other
prompts for the purpose of gathering
information from respondents. - Although they are often designed for
statistical analysis of the responses, this is
not always the case. The questionnaire was
invented by Sir Francis Galton. - Questionnaires are used by sociologists, and
positivists prefer closed questions.
63
64Research methods (Cont.)
- Simulation is the imitation of some real thing,
state of affairs, or process. - The act of simulating something generally
entails representing certain key characteristics
or behaviours of a selected physical or
abstract system.
64
65Research methods (Cont.)
- Statistics is a mathematical science
pertaining to the collection, analysis,
interpretation or explanation, and
presentation of data. - It is applicable to a wide variety of
academic disciplines, from the natural and
social sciences to the humanities, government
and business.
65
66Research methods (Cont.)
- Statistical surveys are used to collect
quantitative information about items in a
population. - Surveys of human populations and institutions
are common in political polling and
government, health, and social science and
marketing research.
66
67Research methods (Cont.)
- A survey may focus on opinions or factual
information depending on its purpose, and many
surveys involve administering questions to
individuals.
67
68Research methods (Cont.)
- Questions are administered by a researcher,
the survey is called a structured interview
or a researcher-administered survey. - Questions are administered by the respondent,
the survey is referred to as a questionnaire or
a self-administered survey.
68
69Research methods (Cont.)
- Research is often conducted using the
hourglass model. - The hourglass model starts with a broad
spectrum for research, focusing in on the
required information through the methodology
of the project (like the neck of the
hourglass), then expands the research in
the form of discussion and results.
69
705. Research Publishing
- Academic publishing describes a system that is
necessaryin order for academic scholarsto peer
review the work and make it available for a
wider audience. - The system, which is probably disorganized
enough not to merit the title, varies widely by
field, and is also always changing, if often
slowly.
70
71Research Publishing (Cont.)
- Most academic work is published in journal
article or book form. In publishing, STM
publishing is an abbreviation for academic
publications in science, technology, and medicine.
71
72Research Publishing (Cont.)
- Most established academic fields have their own
journals and other outlets for publication. - Though many academic journalsare somewhat
interdisciplinary, and publish work from several
distinct fields or subfields. The kinds of
publications that are accepted as contributions
of knowledge or research vary greatly between
fields
72
73Research Publishing (Cont.)
- Academic publishing is undergoing major
changes,emerging from the transition from the
printto the electronic format. - For Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology,
- electronic format is not acceptable.
73
74Research Publishing (Cont.)
- Presently, a major trend, particularly with
respect to scholarly journals, is open access. - There are two main forms of open access - Open
access publishing in which the articles or
the whole journal is freely available from the
time of publication- Self-archiving where the
author makes a copy of their own work freely
available on the web.
74
75Research Publishing (Cont.)
- For Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology,
- publication in refereed Proceedings
- of Conferences organized by ACM
- and IEEE is accepted.
75
76Research Publishing (Cont.)
- Samples of ACM Proceedings are
- A-MOST Workshop on Advances
in Model-Based Testing - ACM Policy ACM Policy
- ACM-SE ACM Southeast Regional
Conference
76
77Samples of ACM Proceedings(Cont.)
- ACM/CSC-ER ACM Annual
Conference/Annual Meeting - AFRIGRAPH Computer graphics, virtual
reality, visualisation
and interaction in Africa
77
78Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- AGENTS International Conference
on Autonomous Agents - AICPS ACM International Conference
Proceeding Series - ANCS Symposium On Architecture For
Networking And Communications
Systems
78
79Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ANNA Analysis of Neural Net Applications
Conference - ANSS Annual Simulation Symposium
79
80Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- AOSD Aspect-oriented software development
- APGV Applied Perception in Graphics and
Visualization - APL International Conference on APL
- ASE Automated Software Engineering
- ASPDAC with EDA Technofair Design Automation
Conference Asia and South Pacific
80
81Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ASPLOS Architectural Support
for Programming Languages and
Operating Systems - ASSETS ACM SIGACCESS Conference
on Assistive Technologies - CC Creativity and Cognition
- CASES International Conference on Compilers,
Architecture and Synthesis
for Embedded Systems
81
82Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- CAW Computer Architecture Workshop
- CC Critical Computing
- CCS Conference on Computer and
Communications Security - CCSC Consortium for Computing Sciences
in Colleges - CCU Contemporary Computing in Ukraine
82
83Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- CF Conference On Computing Frontiers
- CFP Computers, Freedom and Privacy
- CGO Code Generation and Optimization
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems - CHIMIT Computer Human Interaction
for the Management of
Information Technology
83
84Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- CIKM Conference on Information and
Knowledge Management - CIVR Conference On Image And Video Retrieval
- CLADE International Workshop on Challenges
of Large Applications
in Distributed Environments - CODESISSS International Conference
on Hardware Software Codesign - COLT Annual Workshop on
Computational Learning Theory
84
85Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- COMM Applications, Technologies,
Architectures, and Protocols
for Computer Communication - COMPUTE Annual Bangalore Compute
Conference - CPR Special Interest Group on
Computer Personnel Research Annual
Conference - CQL Symposium on Computers and the Quality of
Life - CSC ACM Annual Computer Science Conference
85
86Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- CSCW Computer Supported Cooperative Work
- CUU ACM Conference on Universal Usability
- CVE Collaborative Virtual Environments
- CoNEXT International Conference
On Emerging Networking Experiments
And Technologies - DAC Annual ACM IEEE Design Automation
Conference
86
87Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- DARE Designing Augmented Reality
Environments - DATE Design, Automation, and Test in Europe
- DEBS Distributed event-based systems
- DIAL M Workshop on Discrete Algothrithms
and Methods for MOBILE Computing
and Communications - DIM Workshop On Digital Identity Management
87
88Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- DIS Symposium on Designing Interactive
Systems - DLS Dynamic Languages Symposium
- DMKD Data Mining And Knowledge Discovery
- DOLAP Data Warehousing and OLAP
- DPDS International Symposium on Databases
for Parallel and Distributed Systems
88
89Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- DPPI Designing Pleasurable Products
And Interfaces - DRM ACM Workshop On Digital Rights
Management - DS-RT Distributed Simulation and
Real-Time Application - DUX Designing For User Experiences
89
90Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- DaMoN Data Management On New Hardware
- DocEng Document Engineering
- Dynamo Workshop on Dynamic and Adaptive
Compilation and Optimization - EATIS Euro American Conference On
Telematics And Information Systems - EC Electronic Commerce
90
91Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ECA Ethics in the Computer Age
- ECLIPSE OOPSLA workshop on eclipse
technology eXchange - EDTC European Design and Test Conference
- EMSOFT International Conference
On Embedded Software - ERLANG Annual ERLANG Workshop
91
92Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ETRA Eye Tracking Research Application
- EW ACM SIGOPS European Workshop
- EmNets Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors
- EuroDAC European Design Automation
Conference - EuroSys European Conference on
Computer Systems
92
93Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ExpCS Workshop On Experimental
Computer Science - FMSE Workshop on Formal Methods in
Security Engineering - FMSP Formal Methods in Software Practice
- FOIS Formal Ontology in Information Systems
- FPCA Functional Programming Languages
and Computer Architecture
93
94Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- FPGA International Symposium on
Field Programmable Gate Arrays - Future Play Future Play
- GECCO Genetic And Evolutionary Computation
Conference - GIR Workshop On Geographic Information
Retrieval - GIS Geographic Information Systems
94
95Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- GLVLSI Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI
- GPCE Generative Programming And
Component Engineering - GRAPHITE Computer graphics
and interactive techniques
in Australasia and South East Asia - GROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work
95
96Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- HMI History of Medical Informatics
- HOPL History of Programming Languages
- HPDC High Performance Distributed Computing
- HPW History of Personal Workstations
- HRI ACM SIGCHI/SIGART Human-Robot
Interaction
96
97Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- HSNC History of Scientific and Numeric
Computation - HT Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia
- HWWS SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS
Conference On Graphics Hardware - Hypercube Hypercube Concurrent Computers
and Applications
97
98Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- I3D Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics
- ICAIL International Conference on
Artificial Intelligence and Law - ICCAD International Conference
on Computer Aided Design - ICE International Conference on Information
and Computation Economies - ICER International Computing Education
- Research Workshop
98
99Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ICFP International Conference on
Functional Programming - ICIS International Conference on
Information Systems - ICMI International Conference on
Multimodal Interfaces - ICS International Conference on Supercomputing
- ICSE International Conference on
Software Engineering
99
100Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ICSOC International Conference
On Service Oriented Computing - IDC Interactive Design And Children
- IEA/AEI International conference on Industrial
and engineering applications
of artificial intelligence
and expert systems - IHIS Interoperability Of Heterogeneous
Information Systems - IMC Internet Measurement Conference
100
101Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- IOPADS Workshop on I/O in Parallel
and Distributed Systems - IPSN Information Processing In Sensor Networks
- IQIS Information Quality in
Informational Systems - IRAL International Workshop on
Information Retrieval with Asia
Languages - IRP2PN Information Retrieval
In Peer-To-Peer Networks
101
102Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- IRTAW International Workshop on
Real-time Ada Issues - ISCA International Symposium on
Computer Architecture - ISESE International Symposium on
Empirical Software Engineering - ISLPED International Symposium
on Low Power Electronics and Design - ISMAR Symposium on Mixed and
Augmented Reality
102
103Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ISMIS International Symposium on
Methodologies for Intelligent Systems - ISMM International Symposium on
Memory Management - ISPD International Symposium on
Physical Design - ISPW International Software Process Workshop
- ISSAC International Conference on Symbolic
and Algebraic Computation
103
104Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- ISSS International Symposium on
Systems Synthesis - ISSTA International Symposium on
Software Testing and Analysis - ISW International Symposium on Wikis
- ITiCSE Annual Joint Conference
Integrating Technology into
Computer Science Education - IUI International Conference on
Intelligent User Interfaces
104
105Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- IVME Interpreters, Virtual Machines
And Emulators - IWCMC International Conference
On Communications And Mobile
Computing - IWSSD International Workshop on
Software Specifications Design - InfoSecCD Information security
curriculum development - JAVA Java Grande Conference
105
106Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- JCDL/DL International Conference
on Digital Libraries - KCAP International Conference On
Knowledge Capture - KDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery
in Data - LCTES Language, Compiler and Tool Support
for Embedded Systems - LFP Conference on LISP and Functional
Programming
106
107Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- MDM International Conference On
Mobile Data Management - MEDEA Memory Performance
Dealing With Applications,
Systems And Architecture - MICRO International Symposium
on Microarchitecture - MM International Multimedia Conference
- MMDB ACM International Workshop
On Multimedia Databases
107
108Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- MSP Memory System Performance
- MSWiM International Workshop
on Modeling Analysis and
Simulation of Wireless and
Mobile Systems - MVL Multiple-Valued Logic
- Middleware Middleware Conference
108
109Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- MobiArch Mobility In The Evolving Internet
Architecture - MobiCom International Conference
on Mobile Computing and
Networking - MobiDE International Workshop
on Data Engineering for
Wireless and Mobile Access
109
110Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- MobiHoc International Symposium
on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking
Computing - MobiSys International Conference
On Mobile Systems, Applications
And Services
110
111Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- Mobility International Conference
On Mobile Technology, Applications,
And Systems - NOSSDAV International Workshop on Network
and Operating System Support
for Digital Audio and Video - NPAR Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
- NPIVM New Paradigms in Information Visualization
and Manipulation - NSPW New Security Paradigms Workshop
111
112Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- NetGames Network and System Support
for Games - OODS International Workshop on
Object-Oriented Database Systems - OOPSLA Conference on Object Oriented
Programming Systems Languages
and Applications
112
113Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- PADS Workshop on Parallel and Distributed
Simulation - PASCO International Symposium
- on Parallel Symbolic
Computation - PASTE Workshop on Program Analysis
for Software Tools and Engineering - PDC Participatory Design
- PEPM ACM/SIGPLAN Workshop Partial
Evaluation and Semantics-Based Program
Manipulation
113
114Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- PLDI Conference on Programming Language
Design and Implementation - PLOS Programming Languages and
Operating Systems - PODC Annual ACM Symposium on
Principles of Distributed Computing - PODS Symposium on Principles of
Database Systems - POMC ACM Workshop On Principles
Of Mobile Computing
114
115Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- POPL Annual Symposium on Principles
of Programming Languages - PPDP International Conference on Principles
and Practice of Declarative Programming - PPEALS Symposium on Principles and Practice
of Parallel Programming - PPoPP Principles and Practice of
Parallel Programming - PRS Parallel Rendering Symposium
115
116Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- PVG Parallel and large-data visualization
and graphics - RBAC ACM Workshop on Role Based
Access Control - RECOMB Annual Conference on Research
in Computational Molecular Biology - RKRAS Research In Knowledge Representation
For Autonomous Systems - RULE Workshop On Rule-Based Programming
116
117Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- SCG Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry
- SCM Software Configuration Management Workshop
- SCN Simulation of Computer Networks
- SCSC Summer Computer Simulation Conference
- SESPSDE Software Engineering Symposium on
Practical Software Development Environments
117
118Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- SETA Symposium on Environments and
Tools for Ada - SICOSIM Sigcosim Symposium
- SIGAda Annual International Conference
on Ada - SIGCSE Technical Symposium on
Computer Science Education - SIGDOC ACM Special Interest Group
for Design of Communication
118
119Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- SIGFORTH SIGFORTH
- SIGGRAPH International Conference
on Computer Graphics
and Interactive Techniques - SIGIR Annual ACM Conference on
Research and Development in
Information Retrieval - SIGMETRICS Joint International Conference
on Measurement and Modeling
of Computer Systems
119
120Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- SVR SIGGRAPH Video Review
- SWS Workshop On Secure Web Services
- SYMSAC Symposium on Symbolic
and Algebraic Manipulation - SenSys Conference On Embedded Networked
Sensor Systems - TAPIA Richard Tapia Celebration Of Diversity
In Computing
120
121Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- TARK Theoretical Aspects Of Rationality
And Knowledge - TAU Timing Issues In The Specification
And Synthesis Of Digital Systems - TDES Trends and Direction in Expert Systems
- TEI Tangible and embedded interaction
- TLDI Types In Languages Design
- And Implementation
121
122Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- UIMC Conference On Ubiquitous Information
Management And Communication - UIST Symposium on User Interface Software
and Technology - VAST Virtual reality, archeology,
and cultural heritage - VEE ACM/Usenix International Conference
On Virtual Execution Environments - VIS IEEE Visualization
122
123Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language
Symposium - VRST Virtual Reality Software and Technology
- VTDC Virtualization Technology in
Distributed Computing - VolVis Symposium on Volume Visualization
- WACC International Conference on
Work activities Coordination and
Collaboration
123
124Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- WADAS Washington Ada Symposium
- WCAE Workshop On Computer Architecture
Education - WI Web Intelligence
- WIDM Workshop On Web Information
And Data Management - WISEC Conference On Wireless Network
Security
124
125Samples of ACM Proceedings (Cont.)
- WiSe Workshop on Wireless Security
- WoWMoM International Workshop
on Wireless Mobile Multimedia - XIME-P Workshop on XQuery Implementation,
Experience and Perspectives - XMLSEC Workshop On XML Security
125
126Samples of IEEE Proceedings
- IEEE publishes more than 500 proceedings per
year. Sample are given below - - Automated Production of Cross Media Content
for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS). - - Annual Symposium on Switching and Automata
- - International Conference on 3-D Digital
Imaging and Modeling.
126
127Samples of IEEE Proceedings (Cont.)
- Balancing the Score Card Effective Supply Chain
Management for all Stakeholders. - Baltic Electronics Conference
- Bandwidth on Demand
- Behavioral Modeling and Simulation (BMAS), IEEE
International Workshop on - Best of Manufacturing Logistics, IEEE Colloquium
on
127
1286. Other Types of Researches
- There are many types researches such as
- Advertising Research
- Internet research
- Consumer Marketing research
- Operations research
- Action research
- Social research
128
129Other Types of Researches (Cont.)
- 1) Advertising research is a specialized form of
marketing research conducted to improve the
efficiency of advertising.
129
130Advertising research (Cont.)
- According to MarketConscious.com, It may focus
on a specific ad or campaign, or may be directed
at a more general understanding of how
advertising works or how consumers use the
information in advertising. - It can entail a variety of research approaches,
including psychological, sociological, economic,
and other perspectives
130
131Other Types of Researches (Cont.)
- 2) Internet research is the practice of using
the Internet, especially the World Wide Web, for
research. To the extent that the Internet is
widely and readily accessible to hundreds of
millions of people in many parts of the world, it
can provide practically instant information on
most topics, and is having a profound impact on
the way in which ideas are formed and knowledge
is created.
131
132Other Types of Researches (Cont.)
- 3) Consumer market research is a form of applied
sociologythat concentrates on understandingthe
behaviours, whims and preferences,of consumers
in a market-based economy. It also aims to
understand the effects and comparative success of
marketing campaigns.
132
133Consumer market research (Cont.)
- The field of consumer marketing research as a
statistical science was pioneered by Arthur
Nielsen with the founding of the ACNielsen
Company in 1923 and later the A.C. Nielsen
Center for Marketing Research.
133
134Other Types of Researches (Cont.)
- 4) Operations Research (OR) is an
interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics
and formal science that uses methods like
mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms
to arrive at optimalor near optimal solutions to
complex problems.
134
135Operations Research (Cont.)
- Operation Research is used in North America,
South Africa and Australia, and Operational
Research in Europe. - It is typically concerned with optimizing the
maxima (profit, assembly line performance, crop
yield, bandwidth, etc) or minima (loss, risk,
etc) of some objective function.
135
136Operations Research (Cont.)
- Operations research helps management achieve its
goals using the scientific process.
136
137Other Types of Researches (Cont.)
- 5) Action Research or Participatory action
research has emerged in recent yearsas a
significant methodology for intervention,
development and change within communities and
groups.
137
138Action Research (Cont.)
- It is now promoted and implemented by many
international development agencies and
university programs CCAR, as well as countless
local community organizations around the
world.
138
139Other Types of Researches (Cont.)
- 6) Social Research refers to research conducted
by social scientists (primarily within sociology
and social psychology), but also within other
disciplines such as- social policy- human
geography- political science- social
anthropology - education
139
140Social Research (Cont.)
- Sociologists and other social scientists study
diverse things from census dataon hundreds of
thousands of human beings, through the in-depth
analysis of the lifeof a single important person
to monitoring what is happeningon a street
todayor what was happening a few hundred years
ago.
140
1417. Concluding Remarks
- The program of Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology
- at the College of Internet Distance
Education - of Assumption University
- requires research which must be
- original and significant.
141
142Concluding Remarks (Cont.)
- This paper presented
- - Definition of Research
- - Research Process
- - Research Methods
- - Research Publishing
- - Other Types of Researches
142
143Concluding Remarks (Cont.)
- More information about the research forPh.D.
in eLearning Methodologywill be given by
subsequent speakers later today.
143
144Concluding Remarks (Cont.)
- Please accept my best wish for all of you,Ph.D.
students, to be able to complete your Ph.D.
researches and get them published in refereed
publicationsand pass the Ph.D. dissertation
defense as soon as you wish.
144
145Thank You