Lecture 4: Aggression, Helping,

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Lecture 4 Aggression, (Helping), Attraction

• Topic Factors that promote harming and liking
• Theme Interpersonal Relations

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Part I Aggression

• I.) Frustration - Aggression Theory
• A.) F - A--Displacement (FAD)
• 1. Displace aggressive response on to (safer)
  target scapegoat

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• B.) If-then proposition
  (hydraulic relation)
• if frustration, then aggression (always)
• 1. e.g., price of cotton and lynchings in south
• 2. e.g., economy and racism, sexism, homophobia,
  ageism, xenophobia
• 3. problem hydraulic aspect doesnt always work

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• II.) Innate Theories
• III.) Social Learning Theory
• A.) Principles
• 1. observation of a model
• identity/ similarity contribute to effect
  (Eastwood, Bronson)
• 2. reinforcement first for model then later for
  observer

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• 3. performance (e.g., opportunity, ability, etc.)
  Example corporal punishment and capital
  punishment
• what message is conveyed by the behavior?
• 4. Violent pornography
• people learn to link these two (sex aggression)
• can facilitate aggression

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• IV.) Cue Arousal Theory Berkowitz (1960s - 1990s)
• A.) Basic Theory
• 1. similar to Schachter Singers 2-factor
  theory
• 2. arousal plus aggressive cue increase in
  likelihood of aggression

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• B.) Applications
• 1. examples murder and crimes of passion
• 2. gun control
• gun aggressive cue (increase aggression?)
• 3. Texas Tower
• tower aggressive cue

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Part II Attraction

• V.) What Influences Attraction?
• A.) Similarity, Propinquity (physical closeness)
  and ...

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• VI.) Physical Attractiveness
• A.) Implicit personality theory (similar to
  representativeness heuristic)
• 1. Central trait (e.g., smart, extraverted,
  beautiful)

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• 2. Halo effect attribution of other traits
• (covariation they tend to co-exist)
• 3. spill over effect (influence on others
  around you)

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• B.) Matching hypothesis
• 1. self-perception of attractiveness
  (is it accurate?)
• 2. balance of attraction in relationship