Welcome to Freshman Seminar

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Welcome to Freshman Seminar
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GRADING
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ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
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SYLLABUS
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VARIOUS ENERGY SOURCES

• Energy sources can be divided into two
  categories
• Nonrenewable Renewable
• Oil
  Wood/biomass
• Coal
  Hydroelectric power
• Natural Gas
  Solar, wind
• Nuclear Fission Tidal
  power

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OIL
Advantages
Disadvantages

• Nonrenewable resource
• - Limited supply
• Causes air pollution when it is
• burned
• Large prices swing with supply
• and demand

• Easy to obtain and transport
• by pipeline truck or ship
• - It has many useful products
• like gasoline, heating oil and
• jet fuel

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COMPARISON OF WORLD OIL PRICE

• World oil prices rose by
• 10/barrel in 2002 and remained high in
  2003 and 2004.
• World oil prices are projected to reach 27
  dollars/barrel in 2025.
• These projections exclude price hike due to any
  disruption

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NATURAL GAS
Advantages
Disadvantages

• Nonrenewable resource
• - Limited supply
• New supplies becoming costly
• Could be major contributor to
• global warming

• Easy to obtain
• - Easy to send to users

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WORLD NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION

• U.S. imports have slowly grown to about 20 of
  consumption today
• Natural gas is projected to grow at 2.4
  annually, to account for almost 50 of energy
  growth

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NATURAL GAS RESERVES BY REGION

• Much of the reserves are in developing countries,
  Russia holds over 30 of proven reserves.

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COAL
Advantages
Disadvantages

• Underground mining is dangerous
• Causes air pollution and acid
• rain when it is burned
• Requires extensive transportation
• system

• Inexpensive
• Plentiful in the US
• Cheap fuel for producing
• electricity

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WORLD COAL RESERVES

• U.S. has the largest coal reserves
• 50 of U.S. electricity production
• Not the cleanest combustion technology

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COALS USE ON DECLINE

• Low-sulfur coals from U.S. West have an advantage
• Much of the coal from the U.S. East is
  high-sulfur

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HYDROPOWER
Advantages
Disadvantages

• Very limited source (depends on
• water elevation)
• Dams disrupt fish habitat
• Environmental damage to flooded areas

• Renewable resource
• Clean way to produce electricity
• Cheap way to produce electricity

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SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
Disadvantages

• Renewable resource
• Produces no air or water pollution
• Sunlight is free

• Must store extra energy to use
• when it is not sunny
• Some types of panels are expensive
• Current technology is not advanced

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NUCLEAR FISSION
Advantages
Disadvantages

• Accidents can release harmful
• radiation
• Waste storage issue
• Plants are costly

• Small amount of fuel provides
• a large amount of energy
• No greenhouse or acid rain effects
• Extensive scientific basis

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NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

• Nuclear energy one gram of U235 3 tons of coal
• Supply for 100 years
• Fast-breeder reactors use U238 gt P239, enough
  for 14000 yrs.
• No carbon emissions

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WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION

• World marketed energy consumption is projected to
  increase by 54 in next 20 years.
• Total projected energy to grow from 404
  quadrillion BTU to 623 in over 20 years.

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WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ENERGY SOURCE

• Increase in consumption of energy from all
  available sources is projected
• Non-fossil fuels are not expected to be
  economically
• competitive with fossil fuels over the
  forecast period .
• In the absence of environmental laws, consumption
  of oil, natural gas and coal is expected to
  supply energy demands

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WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY REGION

• Increase in consumption of energy for various
  parts of the world is projected
• Large increase in consumption in developing
  countries

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WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL
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US SHARE OF THE WORLD
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ARE WE RUNNING OUT OF ENERGY?

• Limits to Growth (1972)
• Two fundamental assumptions
• Steady growth (i.e. 2 growth per year) gt
  exponential
• Limits to our resources exist
• Supply the doomsday scenarios
• OPEC Oil Embargo (1973) puts the fear in us
• But not the first time!!!
• 1914 U.S. Bureau of Mines 10 years of oil left
• 1939 Department of Interior 13 years of oil
  left
• 1951 Department of Interior 13 years of oil
  left

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Sources of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsProjected
Change
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Carbon Emissions by Region

• Sources of carbon emissions becoming more diverse
• China, developing nations show large increases

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WHERE DO WE STAND?

• Complex choices surround energy options
• No running out of energy in our lifetimes
• But likely change in sources
• Global warming debate will have a large impact
• Environmental considerations, particularly air
  pollution / particles will have a large impact
• FUSION IS A LONG TERM SOLUTION

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NEXT WEEK-FUSION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Several internet resources were used for the
material presented in this lecture. Particularly,
the Department of Energy web site has excellent
collection of articles about energy related
issues.