World War I The Great War

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World War IThe Great War

• Starts August, 1914
• Ends November, 1918
• 25 million people died

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WWI quotes...

• The war to end all wars
• - Woodrow Wilson
• The war fought to make the world safe for
  democracy- Woodrow Wilson

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Important dates for WW I.

• June, 1914 -The Archduke Franz Ferdinand is
  assassinated
• August, 1914 - World War I starts
• March, 1917- Russian Revolution
• April, 1917 - U.S. enters the war
• Nov, 1918 - The armistice (Cease-fire)

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Chapter 11 Sec. 1 WWI BeginsEssential
Questions

• 1. What were the causes of WWI?
• 2. What happened the first two years of the war?
• 3. How did the US respond?
• 4. What was US public opinion in regards to the
  war?
• 5. Why did the US eventually declare war?

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The M.A.I.N. causes of WWI...

• MilitarismWeapons
• AlliancesSecret
• ImperialismEconomic
• NationalismPride

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June, 1914 - The torch that set the world afire
with war...

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the
  Austro-Hungarian Empire is assassinated in
  Sarajevo, Bosnia

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The assassinGavrilo Princip

• A Serbian nationalist trained in Serbia
• The Black Hand

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The assassination
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Princip is captured
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The funeral of Archduke Franz Sofia
Ferdinand
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The chain of events

• AFF assassinated in Bosnia
• AH blames Serbia
• AH makes harsh demands of Serbia
• AH asks Germany for support
• continued gtgtgt

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The chain of events...

• Germany responds with the blank check
• Russia is allied with Serbia and mobilizes
• Fearing a two front war Germany launches a plan

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The Von Schlieffen Plan

• Germanys plan was to hold the line against
  Russia (Dec. of War)
• Germany was then to attack France
• Germany marches through Belgium which brings
  Great Britain into the war

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Central Powers v. Allied Powers

• Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Germany
• Ottoman Empire

• Russia
• Serbia
• Belgium
• France
• Great Britain
• Italy
• Japan
• United States

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Americas response

• President Wilsons message
• Preparedness Movement- US should be ready for
  anything (Civilian Training)
• Factors encouraging American sympathy for the
  Allies Trade, Money in Loans, and Cultural Ties
• Ex. Great Britain
• Why did some Americans support Germany?Ties to
  mother country

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Americas response

• The factors encouraging contempt for Germany
• Allied Propaganda
• Cutting of the Trans- Atlantic Cable by Great
  Britain
• They were an Autocracy under Kaiser Wilhelm II,
  US a democracy

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Violation of freedom of the seas

• Germanys violation of freedom of the seas
• U-Boat blockade of GB
• Great Britains violation of freedom of seas
• GB blockade of Germany

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HMS Dreadnought
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare...

• The sinking of the Lusitania May, 1915
• The Uncivilized U-Boats, attack by stealth, and
  launch torpedoes
• Wilsons diplomatic responseHarsh Words

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Burying the dead from the Lusitania
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The election of 1916

• Woodrow Wilson (D) vs Charles Evan Hughes (R)
• Wilson has pushed for US neutrality, but were we
  neutral?
• He kept us out of war
• Wilson Wins!

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Reasons for American entry into WW I

• Germany Resumes Unrestricted Submarine
  Warfare...
• The Zimmerman Note (March,1917) German Letter to
  Mexico

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The Russian Revolution (1917)

• The Russian government under Tsar Nicholas
• Bolshevik Revolution (March, 1917)... Reds
• Alexander Kerensky...Whites
• Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky (Nov, 1917)...

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President Wilson delivers his War Message to
Congress April 2, 1917
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The U.S. Declares WarApril 6, 1917

• President Wilson requests a declaration of war
• Senate approves 82 - 6 to declare war
• The House votes 373 - 50 to declare war

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Ch 11 Section 2 American Power Tips the Balance
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Ch 11 Sec 2 American Power Tips the Balance

• How did the US mobilize for war?
• Where were US successes on the battlefield?
• What were the new weapons of WWI?
• What were the US offensives that helped end the
  war?

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Raising the Manpower

• Woefully unprepared
• The Selective Service Act
• American Expeditionary Force
• The Convoy System
• Doughboys
• General John Pershing led the AEF

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WWI African Americans

• Many were forced to work behind the lines jobs
• The 369th Harlem Hellfighters fought with the
  French
• US Troops were segregated black and white

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A.E.F. Doughboys
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The Convoy System
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General Blackjack Pershing
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Alvin York

• Conscientious Objector
• Meuse-Argonne
• Killed 25 Germans
• With help captured 32 more

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Fighting on the western front 1914 to 1917...

• the most gigantic, tenacious, grim, futile and
  bloody fight ever waged in the history of war.
  David Lloyd George

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The Western Front France

• Trench- Warfare
• No mans land
• Stalemate
• New and more powerful weapons

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In the trenches
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Manfred Von RichtohofenThe Red Baron
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American Ace Eddie Rickenbacker
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Flame Thrower
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WW I Tank
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Significant battles US Involvement

• Chateau Thierry
• Belleau Wood
• Mueuse-Argonne
• Verdun
• Final Armistice 11/11/18

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Fighting the war on the eastern front (Russia)

• What were the results of fighting on the eastern
  front between 1914 and 1917?
• Russia exits under Lenin when the USSR is
  established

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Dead Wounded Stats
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Allied Powers Mobilization, Dead, Wounded
Casualties

• Country Dead Tot. Casual./ of
• Mobilized Wounded
• Russia 12m 1.7m 5.0m 9.2m/ 76
• France 8.4m 1.4m 4.3m 6.2m/ 73
• Britain 8.9m 900k 2.1m 3.2m/ 36
• Italy 5.6m 650k 947k 2.2m/ 39
• USA 4.4m 126k 234k 350k/ 8

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Central Powers Mobilization, Dead, Wounded
Casualties

• Country Dead Tot. Casual./
• Mobilized Wounded
• Germany 12M 1.7m 4.2m
• Aust-H 7.8m 1.2m 3.6m 7m/ 90
• Turkey 2.8m 325k 400k 1m/ 34
• Bulgaria 1.2m 87.5k 152k 267k/ 22

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Chapter 11 Sec. 3 The War at Home
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Essential Questions

• How did business and government cooperate during
  the war?
• How did the government promote the war?
• What attacks on civil liberties occurred?
• What social changes affected women and African
  Americans?

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Mobilizing hearts and minds with propaganda

• George Creel head of the CPI
• Committee for Public Information (CPI)US Gov.
  Propaganda
• Various Creel Committee techniques

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Anti German hysteria

• No German in schools
• Increased alien hostility
• German books music are banned
• Name changes
• Sauerkraut
• Dauschund
• Hamburger
• Frankfurter

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WW IRaising the Money

• WWI will cost 35 billion
• Money was raised two ways1.)Increase in Taxes
  and

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2.)WW I Liberty Bond
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Liberty Bond poster..
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Support for Liberty Bonds

• Sec. of the Treasury William McAdoo raised
  millions selling Liberty Bonds
• Liberty Bond Booths were set up by the Boy/Girl
  Scouts
• Four Minute Men Gave presentations in theaters
  to sell bonds
• Hollywood stars helped out
• EX. D. Fairbanks, C. Chaplin

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Suppressing dissent

• Espionage Act 1917- No aiding the enemy (10,000)
  20yrs
• Sedition Act 1918 No Anti-US Language
  (10,000) 20yrs.
• Government actions designed to suppress dissent
• Eugene Debs jailed (1,500)
• Schenck v. U.S. Free Speech can be limited if
  it posed a clear and present danger to the US

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WW I Mobilization

• unprecedented control of civilian life and the
  economy
• National War Labor Board (NWLB) - Improved
  Wages and Hours
• War Industries Board WIB, Headed by Bernard M.
  Baruch Conversion and Raw Materials

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WW I Organized Labor

• The AFL boomed and increased membership
• The International Workers of the World (IWW) was
  a target

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Womens Service in WWI

• Held Home Front jobs
• RR Workers, cooks, bricklayers, dock workers,
  coal miners, clerks, teachers, and helped to sell
  liberty bonds
• Warfront Jobs of Women
• Red Cross Nurses
• Radio operators
• Ambulance drivers

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WW I Suffrage-The Womens Movement

• National American Women Suffrage Association
  (NAWSA) Carrie Chapman Catt
• National Womens Party Alice Paul

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WW I American Society

• The economyGov. and Business in partnership
• DemographicsGreat Migration of Blacks from South
  to the Northern US (Race Riots 1917-19)
• Social behaviorMoral Changes
• Moral reformsProhibition
• Civilian life changes.. War effort

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The Food Administration ran by Herbert Hoover

• Increasing and conserving American agriculture
  output

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Government Agencies

• Fuel Administration- Regulated fuel supplies gas,
  and heating oil
• RR Administration- Regulated the RR system during
  the war

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Influenza Epidemic

• Fall of 1918, ¼ of the US Population was effected
• Offices, Factories, Mines were shut down
• Many AEF troops and Germans died
• 30 million people died worldwide

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Ch 11 Section 4 Wilson Fights for Peace
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Chapter 11 Sec. 4 Wilson Fights for Peace

• What was Wilsons Fourteen Points?
• Why did the Allies not agree with Wilson?
• What was the Treaty of Versailles?
• Why did the US Senate reject it?
• What were some consequences of the war?

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Wilsons 14 Points

• How did Wilsons attempt to forge a peace based
  on the Fourteen Points?
• Freedom of the seas, Self-Determination, A League
  of Nations, Free Trade, Low Tariffs, No Secret
  Alliances
• Wilsons forced compromise

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Making peace

• Three phases
• The armistice11/11/18
• The Paris Peace Conference
• The Treaty of Versailles
• Wilsons political mistake prior to the Paris
  Peace Conference

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The Hall of Mirrors
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The Hall of Mirrors
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The Big Four
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The Big Four

• Great Britain- David Lloyd George
• France- Georges Clemenceau
• Italy Vittorio Orlando
• United States -Wilson

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Great BritainDavid Lloyd George
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France George Clemenceau
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Italy Vittorio Orlando
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The United StatesPresident Woodrow Wilson
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Wilson arrives
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Wilsons concerns at the Paris Peace Conference
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Imperialism v. self determination

• The Germans felt betrayed Loss of Colonies,
  Land, Armed Forces, and 33 billion in
  Reparations
• War Guilt Clause placing full blame on Germany
• Punishment not Peace!
• The positive accomplishments of the Treaty of
  VersaillesAllies

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Opposition to the Treaty

• Isolationist Senators refused to accept the
  Treaty in any form The Irreconcilables
• Senator Henry Cabot Lodge rejected the Treaty for
  Article X or The League of Nations

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Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
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Wilsons Demise

• Wilson refuses to compromise on the Treaty and
  the League of Nations issue (Article X)
• He travels the nation looking for support
• Suffers a stroke and becomes bitter
• Edith Wilson takes over
• The US never ratifies the Treaty

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The Legacy of the War

• US gained a stronger military
• Stronger US federal gov.
• Accelerated social change
• Massive loss of life, many injuries
• First Communist state the USSR
• Opened the door to future wars