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MASTER MEAT GOAT PRODUCERS

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Title: MASTER MEAT GOAT PRODUCERS


1
MASTER MEAT GOAT PRODUCERS
  • HEALTH CHAPTER

Presented By Dr. Amy Bell Shirley Complements
of Dr. Janet Bailey Dr. Fred Hopkins
2
Common goat diseases seen in TN
3
Disease
  • Clinical vs. Subclinical
  • Some signs of disease or illness
  • Coughing, sneezing, limping
  • Not eating, breathing hard, etc.
  • No appetite, may separate themselves from the
    herd
  • Normal parameters

4
Normal physical parameters of adult goats
5
Remember
  • The normal values tend to be higher in kids
  • Temperature can increase due to stress or
    environmental conditions
  • Assess goats behavior when evaluating normals.
    For example, if he/she is breathing hard,
    coughing, and has a runny nose, and a temperature
    of 104 F on a cool day and other goats temps.
    are running around 102 F youve got a problem.

6
Common diseases
  • Before discussing common diseases, some points to
    remember
  • Some diseases look very similar in their clinical
    presentation
  • Some diseases are zoonotic a.k.a we can get them
  • Some diseases may require off-label or
    extra-label drug use to treat effectively
  • Work with your veterinarian in prevention,
    diagnosis, and treatment of disease

7
Health Products
  • Watch extra-label use
  • Watch expiration date
  • Store vaccines correctly (36 to 42 F)
  • Do you know the
    temperature of your
    refrigerator?

8
Newly purchased animals should be
  • From a disease free herd with a good health
    program and records
  • Isolated from the rest of the herd for 30 days
  • Vaccinated so that they will have some immunity
    before entering the herd
  • Tested for intestinal parasites through
    FEC/FAMACHA which we
    will talk about later
  • Tested for other diseases by blood sampling

9
Common diseases
  • Bloat
  • Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
  • Contagious Ecthyma
  • Footrot, Foot scald
  • Listeriosis
  • Overeating Disease
  • Pneumonia
  • Polioenceph.
  • Founder and Scrapie included in chapter, but not
    in lecture
  • Parasites

10
Bloat symptoms
  • Abdominal distension, usu. on left side, but
    depending on severity, can be on both sides
  • Colic signs
  • Anxiety
  • Stomping their feet
  • Urinating frequently
  • Respiratory distress
  • Recumbency
  • Death

11
Bloat treatments
  • Gas bloat passage of a stomach tube USING SOME
    TYPE OF GUARD OR SPECULUM into the rumen and
    relieving the gas
  • Frothy bloat cooking oil or mineral oil at a
    dose of 100cc to 200cc OR one ounce of dioctyl
    sodium sulfosucinnate
  • Problems that may occur if treatment is initiated
    by an inexperienced individual
  • Prevention

12
Urolithiasis
  • Narrow urethra of male goat
  • Especially at sigmoid flexure and urethral
    process predisposes to urinary obstruction

13
Urolithiasis
  • Most common in pet goats and meat goats (grain
    diet)
  • Signs of straining to urinate or may be vague as
    off feed and not acting right

14
Urolithiasis
  • Treatment
  • Amputation of urethral process
  • Catheterization and flushing
  • Surgery

15
Urolithiasis
  • Prevention
  • Access to clean fresh water (and salt)
  • CalciumPhosphorus ratio of 21
  • Magnesium 0.2 of less
  • Avoid excessive protein
  • Urinary acidifier? (ammonium chloride) or
    Bio-clor (commercial product for feedlot diets)

16
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis general
information
  • Viral infection
  • May affect joints, lungs, brain, and mammary
    glands
  • Most efficient way of transmission is through kid
    ingesting dams colostrum
  • Once a goat has CAE, it always has CAE
  • Signs of infection may not be visible for months
    to years
  • Arthritic/Neurological/Other Forms (chapter goes
    in detail about each form)

17
CAE treatment
  • No specific treatment
  • For arthritic form, the treatment goal is to
    lesson the animals discomfort
  • Regular/proper foot trimming
  • Pain relievers
  • Good bedding and pasture management
  • REMEMBER, the goat you are treating is a source
    of infection to all other goats in your herd

18
Prevention/Eradication
  • Prevention is complicated
  • Eradication is labor intensive
  • Prevention
  • Try to purchase goats from known CAE-negative
    herds
  • Isolate new animals
  • Testing and culling of all positive animals
    should eradicate the virus from the herd

19
Caseous Lymphadenitis
  • Swelling and abscessation of the superficial
    lymph nodes
  • Cheesy, pasty substance in abscess which may have
    draining tracts
  • Most animals will act completely
    normal in every other way
  • If abscessation occurs in internal
    lymph nodes, one may see
    pneumonia
    and/or chronic
    weight loss

20
CL treatment
  • Drain or surgically remove abscess nodes
  • Three important points to remember
  • The material from the abscess can survive in the
    environment for a long time and is infective to
    other goats so make sure pus is disposed of
    correctly
  • This disease is zoonotic meaning
    the material contains bacteria
    which may
    also infect people so make sure you wear
    gloves
  • Culling the animal may be the
    easiest/smartest way to go.

21
Contagious Ecthyma
  • Sore, scabby mouth,Orf
  • Small papules that progress to crusty scabs
  • Scabs may be seen on lips (most common), face,
    coronary band, teats, scrotum, vulva, and ears
  • Lesions usually go away on their own in two to
    four weeks
  • Young goats may acquire a secondary bacterial
    infection which may cause sufficient pain to
    cease nursing.
  • Also watch adult females nursing young. If
    lesions are located on teats and sore, she may
    not let the young nurse

22
Treatment
  • Depends on severity of the lesions, degree of
    secondary bacterial infection and location of the
    lesions
  • This is a ZOONOTIC disease WEAR GLOVES
  • Antibiotic treatment for secondary bacterial
    treatment, if needed
  • Udder salves
  • Watch for mastitis (rare)
  • Not routinely treated because lesions
    regress, zoonotic potential, most

    animals recover quickly
  • Prevention

23
Foot rot and foot scald general information
  • Contagious, bacterial infection of the soft
    tissue between the toes of the hoof
  • Foot scald is a milder form of the disease that
    often precedes foot rot
  • Common in Tennessee because of climate and
    weather
  • Usually more common in
    the spring and early
    summer, but may
    occur
    any time of the year

24
Symptoms
  • Depending on severity of infection, a goat my
    have a slight limp to a pronounced lameness to
    refusing to walk at all
  • Swelling, redness and pus are seen in the
    interdigital space
  • It is not uncommon
    for more than one
    foot to be
    infected

25
Treatment
  • Antibiotics systemic, topical applications,
    footbaths (goats dont appreciate footbaths)
  • Proper care and trimming of the hoof 1)removes
    dead tissue allowing penetration of antibiotic
    preparation 2)correct any overgrowth or
    abnormalities causing
    extra pressure
    on the interdigital
    space or
    predisposing
    to injury

26
Treatment (cont.)
  • Environmental control Once treated, animals
    should not be kept in a wet or muddy environment
  • Re-check animals and re-treat, if necessary
  • Prevention buy disease free animals, regular
    foot care, vaccination

27
Listeriosis/ general information
  • Bacterial disease that my infect several species,
    including humans
  • Organism can survive for years in the environment
  • May be shed from apparently healthy goats
  • Most commonly seen when feeding silage and/or
    round bales, but can occur in goats on pasture

28
Listeriosis symptoms
  • Most common in animals 6 months of age or older
  • Variety of signs
  • Simple depression and a failure to eat
  • Progresses to dropped jaw, inability to retract
    tongue and eat
  • Move in one direction
    continuously (circling)
  • Recumbency
  • /- Fever
  • Discoloration and
    problems with eyes
    (nystagmus)
  • Treatment/Prevention Its zoonotic

29
Overeating disease/general information
  • Caused by bacterium Clostridium perfringes
  • Bacteria live in soil and intestinal tract
  • These bacteria can cause disease when 1)
    conditions are right for their multiplication and
    2) the normal movement of the intestines slow
    down, allowing foodstuff to pass through slowly

30
Conditions that favor disease
  • Goats that have not been acclimated to green
    pastures are allowed in lush, fast-growing
    pastures or cereal crops
  • Heavy grain feeding or heavy milk access
  • Any illness that actually
    slows down the
    intestinal tract

31
Symptoms
  • In kids, one may see death with no signs of
    sickness before hand
  • One may also see
  • High temperatures, signs of colic, watery
    diarrhea
  • Ataxia (wobbly, acting
    drunk)
  • Recumbancy
  • Convulsions/comas

32
Symptoms
  • As animals become older, signs are not as severe.
  • Animals may be sick for several days to several
    weeks. These animals are often off feed with
    severe diarrhea that comes and goes

33
Treatment
  • Antibiotics
  • Antitoxin
  • Supportive care

34
Prevention
  • VACCINATE
  • Good feeding practices. Always change diet slowly

35
Vaccination
  • Depending on the herds history and management
    practices, this can vary greatly.
  • Example for Clostridial diseases
  • Vaccinate pregnant does in last month of
    pregnancy. Bucks and yearlings may be vaccinated
    at this time, too.
  • Kids (from vaccinated does) need to be vaccinated
    at 4-6 wks of age and boostered in 3-4 weeks
  • Kids (from unvaccinated does) need to be
    vaccinated between 1-3 wks of age and then
    boostered every 2-3 wks for two boosters

36
Pneumonia/general information
  • Caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi,
    etc.
  • Management practices that predispose goats to
    pneumonia
  • Clinical signs
  • Treatment
  • Prevention

37
Polioencephalomalacia
  • Result of low thiamine levels in the body
  • Rumen bacteria usually produce enough thiamine
    for the body, but under certain conditions, the
    environment of the rumen is altered and the
    production of thiamine decreases, as does uptake
    of thiamine by the body.

38
Certain conditions that cause decrease thiamine
production/uptake
  • Sudden changes in the feed
  • Moldy feeds and use of feeds high in molasses
  • Excessive concentrate feeding
  • Stress of weaning
  • High dietary sulfur
    content
  • Overdosing of
    certain drugs

39
PE symptoms
  • Weanlings and young adults appear more
    susceptible
  • Elevation of the head while standing
  • Staring off into space or blindness, circling
  • Excitability and wandering aimlessly
  • If not treated, goats
    usually die in 24-72
    hours

40
PE treatment
  • Thiamine
  • If treatment is not initiate in time, goats may
    have residual blindness, decreased mental
    capacity, and residual neurological signs
  • Supportive care

41
PE Prevention
  • Avoid factors that cause PE
  • Avoid sudden dietary changes and moldy feeds
  • Do not use feeds high in molasses
  • Increased roughage and decreased concentrate
    feeding
  • Good quality, free-choice mineral
  • Free access to good quality forage
  • Supplementation of the grain ration with thiamine
    or brewers yeast

42
Prevention (cont)
  • If weanlings are involved, make sure they are
    consuming sufficient roughage before weaning so
    that normal rumen flora development occurs.

43
Meningeal worm
  • Commonly found in whitetail deer
  • Deer passes immature form of parasite in their
    manure ? manure eaten by snails and slugs ? goats
    accidentally eat snail or slug ? larvae migrates
    through body of the goat and arrives at spinal
    cord ? presence of parasite irritates the
    covering of the spinal cord ? clinical signs of
    disease

44
Clinical signs
  • Early stages goat is bright, alert, and eating
    well
  • Signs include itching, weakness, staggering,
    paralysis, blindness, and death

45
Treatment
  • Subcutaneous injection of ivermectin given at the
    rate of 2.5cc per 100lbs of body weight once,
    followed by 1cc once a day for five days
  • Fenbendazole given orally at the rate of 7cc per
    100 lbs of body weight

46
Lice and Mites
  • External parasite that live on the goat
  • Both can cause itchy goats
  • Can be treated with insecticides or miticides
  • Refer to health
    chapter for
    specifics on
    treatment and
    prevention

47
Ringworm
  • Fungal infection
  • Usually seen on the face, ears, neck or legs, but
    may be present anywhere on the body
  • Crusty scabs with hair loss and redness of skin
  • Will heal without treatment in about two months,
    but because of the unsightly appearance and
    contamination to both the environment and other
    herd mates, we treat.
  • It is contagious to humans
  • Fungicide (betadiene, chlorahexidene, etc.) for
    relatively long periods of time.

48
Principles of prevention
  • Isolation principles covered in biosecurity and
    internal parasites
  • Sanitation
  • Nutrition
  • Selective breeding
  • Vaccination
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