Title: MASTER MEAT GOAT PRODUCERS
1MASTER MEAT GOAT PRODUCERS
Presented By Dr. Amy Bell Shirley Complements
of Dr. Janet Bailey Dr. Fred Hopkins
2Common goat diseases seen in TN
3Disease
- Clinical vs. Subclinical
- Some signs of disease or illness
- Coughing, sneezing, limping
- Not eating, breathing hard, etc.
- No appetite, may separate themselves from the
herd - Normal parameters
4Normal physical parameters of adult goats
5Remember
- The normal values tend to be higher in kids
- Temperature can increase due to stress or
environmental conditions - Assess goats behavior when evaluating normals.
For example, if he/she is breathing hard,
coughing, and has a runny nose, and a temperature
of 104 F on a cool day and other goats temps.
are running around 102 F youve got a problem.
6Common diseases
- Before discussing common diseases, some points to
remember - Some diseases look very similar in their clinical
presentation - Some diseases are zoonotic a.k.a we can get them
- Some diseases may require off-label or
extra-label drug use to treat effectively - Work with your veterinarian in prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment of disease
7Health Products
- Watch extra-label use
- Watch expiration date
- Store vaccines correctly (36 to 42 F)
- Do you know the
temperature of your
refrigerator?
8Newly purchased animals should be
- From a disease free herd with a good health
program and records - Isolated from the rest of the herd for 30 days
- Vaccinated so that they will have some immunity
before entering the herd - Tested for intestinal parasites through
FEC/FAMACHA which we
will talk about later - Tested for other diseases by blood sampling
9Common diseases
- Bloat
- Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
- Contagious Ecthyma
- Footrot, Foot scald
- Listeriosis
- Overeating Disease
- Pneumonia
- Polioenceph.
- Founder and Scrapie included in chapter, but not
in lecture - Parasites
10Bloat symptoms
- Abdominal distension, usu. on left side, but
depending on severity, can be on both sides - Colic signs
- Anxiety
- Stomping their feet
- Urinating frequently
- Respiratory distress
- Recumbency
- Death
11Bloat treatments
- Gas bloat passage of a stomach tube USING SOME
TYPE OF GUARD OR SPECULUM into the rumen and
relieving the gas - Frothy bloat cooking oil or mineral oil at a
dose of 100cc to 200cc OR one ounce of dioctyl
sodium sulfosucinnate - Problems that may occur if treatment is initiated
by an inexperienced individual - Prevention
12Urolithiasis
- Narrow urethra of male goat
- Especially at sigmoid flexure and urethral
process predisposes to urinary obstruction
13Urolithiasis
- Most common in pet goats and meat goats (grain
diet) - Signs of straining to urinate or may be vague as
off feed and not acting right
14Urolithiasis
- Treatment
- Amputation of urethral process
- Catheterization and flushing
- Surgery
15Urolithiasis
- Prevention
- Access to clean fresh water (and salt)
- CalciumPhosphorus ratio of 21
- Magnesium 0.2 of less
- Avoid excessive protein
- Urinary acidifier? (ammonium chloride) or
Bio-clor (commercial product for feedlot diets)
16Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis general
information
- Viral infection
- May affect joints, lungs, brain, and mammary
glands - Most efficient way of transmission is through kid
ingesting dams colostrum - Once a goat has CAE, it always has CAE
- Signs of infection may not be visible for months
to years - Arthritic/Neurological/Other Forms (chapter goes
in detail about each form)
17CAE treatment
- No specific treatment
- For arthritic form, the treatment goal is to
lesson the animals discomfort - Regular/proper foot trimming
- Pain relievers
- Good bedding and pasture management
- REMEMBER, the goat you are treating is a source
of infection to all other goats in your herd
18Prevention/Eradication
- Prevention is complicated
- Eradication is labor intensive
- Prevention
- Try to purchase goats from known CAE-negative
herds - Isolate new animals
- Testing and culling of all positive animals
should eradicate the virus from the herd
19Caseous Lymphadenitis
- Swelling and abscessation of the superficial
lymph nodes - Cheesy, pasty substance in abscess which may have
draining tracts - Most animals will act completely
normal in every other way - If abscessation occurs in internal
lymph nodes, one may see
pneumonia
and/or chronic
weight loss
20CL treatment
- Drain or surgically remove abscess nodes
- Three important points to remember
- The material from the abscess can survive in the
environment for a long time and is infective to
other goats so make sure pus is disposed of
correctly - This disease is zoonotic meaning
the material contains bacteria
which may
also infect people so make sure you wear
gloves - Culling the animal may be the
easiest/smartest way to go.
21Contagious Ecthyma
- Sore, scabby mouth,Orf
- Small papules that progress to crusty scabs
- Scabs may be seen on lips (most common), face,
coronary band, teats, scrotum, vulva, and ears - Lesions usually go away on their own in two to
four weeks - Young goats may acquire a secondary bacterial
infection which may cause sufficient pain to
cease nursing. - Also watch adult females nursing young. If
lesions are located on teats and sore, she may
not let the young nurse
22Treatment
- Depends on severity of the lesions, degree of
secondary bacterial infection and location of the
lesions - This is a ZOONOTIC disease WEAR GLOVES
- Antibiotic treatment for secondary bacterial
treatment, if needed - Udder salves
- Watch for mastitis (rare)
- Not routinely treated because lesions
regress, zoonotic potential, most
animals recover quickly - Prevention
23Foot rot and foot scald general information
- Contagious, bacterial infection of the soft
tissue between the toes of the hoof - Foot scald is a milder form of the disease that
often precedes foot rot - Common in Tennessee because of climate and
weather - Usually more common in
the spring and early
summer, but may
occur
any time of the year
24Symptoms
- Depending on severity of infection, a goat my
have a slight limp to a pronounced lameness to
refusing to walk at all - Swelling, redness and pus are seen in the
interdigital space - It is not uncommon
for more than one
foot to be
infected
25Treatment
- Antibiotics systemic, topical applications,
footbaths (goats dont appreciate footbaths) - Proper care and trimming of the hoof 1)removes
dead tissue allowing penetration of antibiotic
preparation 2)correct any overgrowth or
abnormalities causing
extra pressure
on the interdigital
space or
predisposing
to injury
26Treatment (cont.)
- Environmental control Once treated, animals
should not be kept in a wet or muddy environment - Re-check animals and re-treat, if necessary
- Prevention buy disease free animals, regular
foot care, vaccination
27Listeriosis/ general information
- Bacterial disease that my infect several species,
including humans - Organism can survive for years in the environment
- May be shed from apparently healthy goats
- Most commonly seen when feeding silage and/or
round bales, but can occur in goats on pasture
28Listeriosis symptoms
- Most common in animals 6 months of age or older
- Variety of signs
- Simple depression and a failure to eat
- Progresses to dropped jaw, inability to retract
tongue and eat - Move in one direction
continuously (circling) - Recumbency
- /- Fever
- Discoloration and
problems with eyes
(nystagmus) - Treatment/Prevention Its zoonotic
29Overeating disease/general information
- Caused by bacterium Clostridium perfringes
- Bacteria live in soil and intestinal tract
- These bacteria can cause disease when 1)
conditions are right for their multiplication and
2) the normal movement of the intestines slow
down, allowing foodstuff to pass through slowly
30Conditions that favor disease
- Goats that have not been acclimated to green
pastures are allowed in lush, fast-growing
pastures or cereal crops - Heavy grain feeding or heavy milk access
- Any illness that actually
slows down the
intestinal tract
31Symptoms
- In kids, one may see death with no signs of
sickness before hand - One may also see
- High temperatures, signs of colic, watery
diarrhea - Ataxia (wobbly, acting
drunk) - Recumbancy
- Convulsions/comas
32Symptoms
- As animals become older, signs are not as severe.
- Animals may be sick for several days to several
weeks. These animals are often off feed with
severe diarrhea that comes and goes
33Treatment
- Antibiotics
- Antitoxin
- Supportive care
34Prevention
- VACCINATE
- Good feeding practices. Always change diet slowly
35Vaccination
- Depending on the herds history and management
practices, this can vary greatly. - Example for Clostridial diseases
- Vaccinate pregnant does in last month of
pregnancy. Bucks and yearlings may be vaccinated
at this time, too. - Kids (from vaccinated does) need to be vaccinated
at 4-6 wks of age and boostered in 3-4 weeks - Kids (from unvaccinated does) need to be
vaccinated between 1-3 wks of age and then
boostered every 2-3 wks for two boosters
36Pneumonia/general information
- Caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi,
etc. - Management practices that predispose goats to
pneumonia - Clinical signs
- Treatment
- Prevention
37Polioencephalomalacia
- Result of low thiamine levels in the body
- Rumen bacteria usually produce enough thiamine
for the body, but under certain conditions, the
environment of the rumen is altered and the
production of thiamine decreases, as does uptake
of thiamine by the body.
38Certain conditions that cause decrease thiamine
production/uptake
- Sudden changes in the feed
- Moldy feeds and use of feeds high in molasses
- Excessive concentrate feeding
- Stress of weaning
- High dietary sulfur
content - Overdosing of
certain drugs
39PE symptoms
- Weanlings and young adults appear more
susceptible - Elevation of the head while standing
- Staring off into space or blindness, circling
- Excitability and wandering aimlessly
- If not treated, goats
usually die in 24-72
hours
40PE treatment
- Thiamine
- If treatment is not initiate in time, goats may
have residual blindness, decreased mental
capacity, and residual neurological signs - Supportive care
41PE Prevention
- Avoid factors that cause PE
- Avoid sudden dietary changes and moldy feeds
- Do not use feeds high in molasses
- Increased roughage and decreased concentrate
feeding - Good quality, free-choice mineral
- Free access to good quality forage
- Supplementation of the grain ration with thiamine
or brewers yeast
42Prevention (cont)
- If weanlings are involved, make sure they are
consuming sufficient roughage before weaning so
that normal rumen flora development occurs. -
43Meningeal worm
- Commonly found in whitetail deer
- Deer passes immature form of parasite in their
manure ? manure eaten by snails and slugs ? goats
accidentally eat snail or slug ? larvae migrates
through body of the goat and arrives at spinal
cord ? presence of parasite irritates the
covering of the spinal cord ? clinical signs of
disease
44Clinical signs
- Early stages goat is bright, alert, and eating
well - Signs include itching, weakness, staggering,
paralysis, blindness, and death
45Treatment
- Subcutaneous injection of ivermectin given at the
rate of 2.5cc per 100lbs of body weight once,
followed by 1cc once a day for five days - Fenbendazole given orally at the rate of 7cc per
100 lbs of body weight
46Lice and Mites
- External parasite that live on the goat
- Both can cause itchy goats
- Can be treated with insecticides or miticides
- Refer to health
chapter for
specifics on
treatment and
prevention
47Ringworm
- Fungal infection
- Usually seen on the face, ears, neck or legs, but
may be present anywhere on the body - Crusty scabs with hair loss and redness of skin
- Will heal without treatment in about two months,
but because of the unsightly appearance and
contamination to both the environment and other
herd mates, we treat. - It is contagious to humans
- Fungicide (betadiene, chlorahexidene, etc.) for
relatively long periods of time.
48Principles of prevention
- Isolation principles covered in biosecurity and
internal parasites - Sanitation
- Nutrition
- Selective breeding
- Vaccination