Diet and Health

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Diet and Health

• Chapter 11

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Cancer Facts

• US men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk
• US women have a 1 in 3 lifetime risk
• 1,220,000 new malignant cancer cases in 2000
• 552,000 cancer deaths in 2000
• Cancer the Top Killer for Those Under 85 Jan
  20, 2005

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Cancer TrendsJNCI, 1999

• 1990-1996
• All cancer incidence declined by 2.2
• -4.1 males
• -0.5 females
• USATODAY.com - Cancer deaths lowest in 7 decades

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The Cancer Development Process

• Initiation
• Alterations in DNA
• minutes - days
• Causes
• radiation
• chemical carcinogens
• viruses

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The Cancer Development Process

• Promotion
• locking DNA alterations
• failure of DNA repair mechanisms
• months - years

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The Cancer Development Process

• Cancer Progression
• Uncontrolled growth of cancer cells
• malignancy and metastasis
• weeks to years

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Cancer Development
http//science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/
cancer/activities/activity2_animations.htm
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Diet and Cancer Development

• Initiation
• Dietary sources of carcinogens
• aflatoxin mold from peanuts
• benzopyrene from charbroiled meats
• nitrosamine from cured meats
• Protection
• phytochemicals
• antioxidants
• dietary fiber
• Alaska Journal of Commerce Online

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Diet and Cancer Development

• Promotion
• Fat and PUFA
• excess alcohol
• Progression
• excess Fat and calories

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Diet and CancerACS 2000

• One third of cancer deaths in US is due to
  cigarette smoking
• One third of cancer deaths in US is due to diet
• 5-10 of cancers are hereditary
• NutraIngredients

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1999 ACS Dietary Guidelines

• Choose most of the foods you eat from plant
  sources.
• Five A Day
• low in fat and calories
• high in folic acid, vitamin C, beta-carotene
• high in fiber
• high in phytochemicals
• ABC News Turn to Tomatoes for Prostate Health
• FOXNews.com - Health - Vitamin D May Lower Some
  Cancer Risk

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Trends in Consumption of Recommended Vegetable
and Fruit Servings (5 or more) for Cancer
Prevention, Adults 18 and Older, US, 1994-2000
Prevalence ()
2000
1996
1998
1994
Includes fewer than 50 states and the District
of Columbia. All other prevalences include the
50 states and District of Columbia. Source
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994,
1996, 1998, 2000, National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997, 1999,
2000, 2001.
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Hypertension

• Definition
• Diastolic Blood Pressure
• gt 90 mm Hg
• Systolic Blood Pressure
• gt140 mm Hg
• Desirable lt 120/80

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Hypertension and Disease

• Stroke
• 2/3rds with first stroke have HTN
• 7 times more likely than normal
• Coronary heart disease
• 1/2 with first MI have HTN
• 3 times more likely than normal
• End-stage Renal Failure
• Blindness

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Blood Pressure
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Risk Factors

• Age
• Ethnicity
• Family History
• Obesity

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Diet and Hypertension

• Weight Loss
• Moderate weight loss
• Regular exercise

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Diet and Hypertension

• Alcohol
• lt 1-2 servings per day
• gt2 servings increases risk of HTN
• Potassium
• fruits and vegetables
• Fish Oils
• Calcium
• Calcium, Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient
  Information Center

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Potassium

• Found in both plant and animal
• AI 4700 mg/day
• Good food sources
• Functions
• Works with sodium
• Helps maintain lower BP
• Protective Effects of High Dietary Potassium
  Nutritional and Metabolic Aspects -- Demigné et
  al. 134 (11) 2903 -- Journal of Nutrition