Bell Work

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Bell Work

• On a scratch sheet of paper
• What did you like most about the Festival of
  Nations (list and describe 3 things)?
• What did you like least about the Festival of
  Nations (list and describe 2 things)?
• Do you think this trip was valuable? Was it
  educationally worth it? Did you come away
  knowing or having seen something you didnt know
  or havent seen before going? Could you have
  learned this in another setting (at school)? Was
  it worth several thousand dollars and a day out
  of CMS? Be honest, as your answer will not
  impact you, but will be used to determine the
  future of CMS 8th graders in regards to the
  festival.
• (You will be handing this in, but you do not need
  to name/core it)

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• CONFLICT OVER CANAAN / PALESTINE AND THE
  CREATION OF ISRAEL
• (The Arab-Israeli Conflict)

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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE CONFLICT BETWEEN
PALESTINIANS AND ISRAEL (JEWS)?

• With a partner, have a short conversation about
  what you know about this conflict.
• Jot down your ideas on a piece of paper.

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THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

• This war has been going on for thousands of
  years
• Its roots lie in competition for land, property,
  spiritual rights, attention, proof of cultural
  superiority, etc.
• It is enshrined in essence in Biblical stories..

Important We are looking at Bible passages
because the stories are relevant to Jewish,
Islamic, and Christian perspectives and history.
In order to understand the divide, we must be
able to understand its origin/roots. In no way
are we considering/debating their accuracy or
truth!!
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THE STORY OF ABRAM

• Abram Exalted father lived in Iraq.
• He had a vision from God
• big G god name of Jewish and Christian
  monotheistic god Islam Allah
• that he should move and found a great nation of
  people.
• Abram left home and walked into history along
  with many followers.

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THE STORY OF ABRAM

• Abram undertook a huge journey across the Middle
  East from modern day Iraq to Israel. The names
  were different then, with the land being called
  Mesopotamia.
• He travelled far and wide.
• He fought off hostile peoples.

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THE STORY OF ABRAM

• Abram was puzzled. God had said he would father a
  nation but he was childless. His wife-Sarai- was
  75! How was Gods Will to happen?
• Sarai suggested that Abram had a child with
  another woman. This arrangement was allowed by
  law in cases where a couple were childless. The
  child would be treated as their own.

• Abram selected Hagar, their Egyptian maid. The
  resulting child was called Ishmael and was heir
  to Abram.
• Abram was now told by God to change his name to
  Abraham father of a multitude.

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THE STORY OF ABRAHAM

• At this point the unbelievable happened and Sarai
  herself fell pregnant!
• The resulting child was called Isaac. Sarai
  changed her name to Sarah.
• There was now a conflict of inheritance. Sarah
  was determined on Isaac being the true heir.

• Sarah persuaded Abraham to abandon Hagar and
  Ishmael in the desert to die of thirst.
• Isaac married Rebekah and one of his children was
  called Jacob. Jacob later became known as
  Israel and the people after him became known as
  Israelis.

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THE STORY OF ABRAHAM

• Hagar and Ishmael did not die in the desert
  however. Hagar was visited by an angel after
  running frantically to find water. The angel
  showed her a well and they both survived.
• Ishmael is regarded as the Father of the Arab
  nations. Muslims call Abraham Ibrahim.

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ABRAHAM SUMMARY

• One man- Abraham , or Ibrahim, founded two huge
  groups of people - Israelis and Arabs.
• They settled in the land we know as the Middle
  East.
• Just like brothers they have a common background,
  and just like brothers there is much rivalry.

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JEWISH CLAIM TO CANAAN / PALESTINE / ISRAEL

• According to the Book of Genesis, God promised
  the land of Canaan, which is roughly Palestine,
  which is roughly present day Israel, to Abraham
  and his descendants (The Promised Land). They
  would be protected as long as they obeyed Him.
• This is called - Gods Covenant (agreement) with
  Abraham.

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ARAB PALESTINIAN CLAIM

• By the 7th century, Palestine was being heavily
  influenced by Arabs and Islam.
• The Arabs (mostly Muslims - Islam) controlled the
  region for roughly the next 1300 years.

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RISE OF ZIONISM

• Definition Desire for a Jewish homeland. Zion
  is a Biblical name for Israel.
• Jews experiencing persecutions in Russia
  (pogroms) and elsewhere in the world
  (anti-semitism).
• Russian Jew (Benjamin Herzl) writes a pamphlet
  calling for the creation of a Jewish nation.
• Palestine is our ever-memorable historic home.
  The very name of Palestine would attract our
  people with a force of marvelous potency.
• The idea which I have developed in this pamphlet
  is a very old one it is the restoration of the
  Jewish State.
• Result of pamphlet - thousands of Jews began to
  move to their historic homeland - Palestine.
• This land was already occupied, however, by
  Arabic peoples called Palestinians.
• What do you think are some results of the Jewish
  emigration to Palestine?

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WORLD WAR I AND IMPACT ON THE MIDDLE EAST

• Ottoman Empire consisted of parts of North
  Africa, Southwest Asia, Southeast Europe, and
  present day Turkey
• Ottoman Empire, led by Ottoman Turks began to
  lose control in the Middle East Region WHY?
• 1) Fought constant wars to hold onto empire
  which caused it to come close to bankruptcy.
• 2) O. Empire had difficulty competing against
  INDUSTRIALIZED Europe in trade.
• 3) Many different religious and ethnic groups
  in the empire wanted to establish independent
  homelands - nations (internal conflict among
  groups of people).

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WORLD WAR I IMPACT, CONT.

• Great Britain, France, and Russia - Allies.
• Germany and Austria-Hungary - Central Powers.
• Ottoman Empire joined in alliance with the
  Central Powers.
• Allies began secret negotiations to divide the
  Ottoman Empire when it was defeated.

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WORLD WAR I IMPACTS, CONT. THREE BRITISH
AGREEMENTS

• 1. Great Britain promised to the Arabs (including
  Christians) an independent state after the war
  if Arabs supported war effort.
• 2. G.B. promised a home to Jews in Palestine -
  called Balfour Declaration.
• 3. G.B. and France made an agreement
  (Sykes-Picot Agreement) to divide up the
  Middle East lands between them.

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WHAT HAPPENED TO THE MIDDLE EAST AT THE END OF
WORLD WAR I?

• Ottoman Empire was reduced to one country -
  Turkey.
• Arab state promised by G.B was limited to present
  day Saudi Arabia.
• France and G.B. divided rest of O. Empire.
• France took Syria, including area that is now
  Lebanon
• Great Britain took Palestine, Trans-Jordan, and
  Iraq

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END OF WORLD WAR I, CONT.

• These areas controlled by G.B. and France were
  known as mandates.
• Mandate - land governed on behalf of the League
  of Nations (predecessor to United Nations) until
  it was ready for independence.
• By mid-1940s - Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon
  were independent countries.
• Palestine remained under British control.

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CONTROL OF PALESTINE BY THE BRITISH

• G.B. control followed a policy of changing sides
  - therefore their control was INEFFECTIVE.
• G.B. wanted to appease (make happy!) both sides.
• More and more Jews began to migrate to Palestine.
• Arabs again upset over increasing Jewish
  population.
• Zionism desire for a Jewish homeland became
  even stronger.

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CONTROL OF PALESTINE, CONT.

• G.B. was searching for a solution to the issue of
  Palestine
• Struggle between Jews and Arabs in Palestine
  became increasingly violent
• Nazi Germany, Hitler and WWII caused many Jews to
  want to migrate to Palestine
• By 1939 population of Jews in Palestine rose from
  85,000 to 445,000.

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INFLUENCE OF WORLD WAR II

• Holocaust caused worldwide support for a Jewish
  homeland in Palestine.
• U.S. pressured G.B. to admit more and more Jews
  into Palestine.
• Arabs upset and warned that they would not allow
  Palestine to be turned into a Jewish state.

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GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED NATIONS

• G.B. realized that they could not solve the issue
  of Palestine
• Turned problem over to the newly created United
  Nations to solve.

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THE UNITED NATIONS DECISION
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THE UNITED NATIONS DECISION

• Partition (split up) of Palestine into two parts
  - one Arab and one Jewish.
• City of Jerusalem - sacred to Jews, Christians,
  and Muslims would be designated an international
  city.
• Jews accepted the plan - somewhat satisfied.
• Arabs upset.

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RESULT OF PARTITION

• More than half the land would be the Jewish state
  (less than one third of population was Jewish)
• New nation of Israel declared independence on May
  14, 1948
• On May 15, 1948, Arab nations of Syria, Lebanon,
  Iraq, Jordan, Egypt attacked Israel.

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ARAB-ISRAELI WAR OF 1948 -RESULTS

• Israel defeated the Arab countries after initial
  losses.
• Israel now controlled almost three-fourths of
  Palestine, including half of Jerusalem.
• Jordan and Egypt divided rest of Palestine
  between them
• ARAB-PALESTINIANS LEFT WITHOUT A COUNTRY - THE
  CONFLICT CONTINUES!!

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CONTINUED CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST OTHER
ARAB-ISRAELI WARS

• After 1948 War, approx. 700,000 Palestinian Arabs
  fled their homes in Israel and became refugees in
  other Arab countries.
• 1956 Suez Crisis / War erupts over who should
  have control of the Suez Canal.
• Israeli, French, and British forces gain control
  of Suez Canal from Egyptian forces but forced to
  withdraw troops after U.S. intervention by
  President Eisenhower. (Victory for the Arabs)

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CONTINUED CONFLICT, CONT.

• Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led
  by Yasir Arafat formed in 1964 in response to
  Palestinian plight. (Their covenant The
  creation of Israel is fundamentally null and
  void).
• 1967 Six Day War erupts over a military buildup
  by Egypt and Israel. (Israel, Egypt, Jordan,
  Syria among others involved).
• Israel preemptive strike (strike first).
• RESULT Egypts airforce almost completely
  destroyed and Arab countries defeated.
• RESULT Israel gains land from the Arabs Sinai
  Peninsula, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem, West Bank,
  Golan Heights.

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CONTINUED CONFLICT, CONT.

• 1973 War (Yom Kippur War) Egyptian President
  Sadat wanted to regain land lost in 1967 War.
• Egypt Syria (major Arab nations involved)
• Arab nations attack on Yom Kippur (Jewish Holy
  Day).
• RESULT Israel failed to win a decisive victory.
• RESULT Embargo - Arab nations agreed to reduce
  oil shipments to nations supportive of Israel
  (U.S. included) until Israel withdrew from the
  territories taken in the 1967 War.

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CONTINUED CONFLICT, CONT.

• U.S., Canada, and many Western Europe nations
  affected by the oil embargo (1973-1974).
• U.S. TOTAL EMBARGO!
• RESULT Israel put under great pressure to come
  to terms with the Arabs.
• RESULT Embargo ends and Arab countries can now
  keep oil prices high and make larger profits.

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CONTINUED CONFLICT, CONT.

• Israel and Egypt formally end the state of war
  between them on March 26, 1979 Egypt was first
  Arab state to make peace with Israel.
• RESULTS
• Egypt seen as betraying the Arab cause.
• Relations were severed between Egypt and other
  Arab countries.
• Egypt was expelled from the Arab League.

JIMMY CARTER - U.S. ANWAR SADAT - EGYPT MENACHEM
BEGIN - ISRAEL
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CONTINUED CONFLICT CONT.

• 1989 Palestinian - Arabs in the occupied
  territories (ex. West Bank, Gaza Strip) rebelled
  against Israeli rule (known as the Intifada).
• Many countries supported the Palestinians.
• Uprising crushed by Israel.
• 1993 Israel and PLO sign peace agreement and
  recognized Israels right to exist.
• RESULT Israel returned some land to the
  Palestinians (West Bank) and process involved a
  move to Palestinian self-rule.
• 1994 Israel and Jordan sign peace treaty.
• 2000 Second Intifada (Palestinians vs. Israeli
  control).

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CONTINUED CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2000-2009

• The conflict continues.
• What will be the outcome of this conflict?
• What could ultimately resolve this conflict?
• The conflict impacts not only Israel and the
  Palestinians, but a vast portion of the world.
• Website http//www.ifamericansknew.org/
• WHAT ARE YOUR QUESTIONS???