Mao Zedongs Little Red Book

1
Mao Zedongs Little Red Book

• Do Now Read the following quote from Mao and
  answer the questions.
• War is a continuation of politics, and there are
  at least two types just (progressive) and unjust
  wars, which only serve bourgeois interests. While
  no one likes war, we must remain ready to wage
  just wars against imperialist agitations.
• What is a just war?
• What is an unjust war?
• What are bourgeois interests?
• What are imperialist agitations?

The Little Red Book will come up later in the
lesson.
2
China

• A brief modern history

3
The Chinese Republic

• Even though the Boxer Rebellion (fight against
  foreigners) in the early 1900s failed, Chinese
  nationalism spread.
• Sun Yixian, who had traveled to the West (USA),
  organized the Revolutionary Alliance with the
  goal of building a Chinese Republic based on the
  Three principles of the People
• Nationalism
• Democracy
• Livelihood
• In 1908 the reigning emperor of the Qing Dynasty
  died and a 2 year boy took the throne China
  slipped into a chaos
• In 1911 uprisings sprang up all over China with
  support from all classes and in December, Sun
  Yixian was named President of the new Chinese
  Republic.

4
Struggle in the New Republic
5
Chinese Civil War Beginnings

• Sun Yixian (Yat-sen), revolutionary who overthrew
  Qing Dynasty in early 1900s and created the
  Republic of China
• Sun predicts there will be challenges ahead for
  the new Chinese Republic
• Foreign Imperialism
• Internal struggles for control
• In the 1920s Sun allies China and his National
  Party of China (aka Kuomintang) with communist
  USSR.
• 1925 Sun Yixian dies, Jiang Jieshi (aka Chiang
  Kai-Shek) takes over Nationalists abandons
  communism and USSR and wants pure Asian system
• ?orders murder of Chinese communists leaders

(Ellis and Esler, 752)
6
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)
Sun Yixian (Yat-sen)
Founder of National Party of China
Kuomintang (communist)
Takes control of Kuomintang in 1925 (Anti-Communis
t)
(http//cache.viewimages.com/)
7
Rise of Mao Zedong (Tse-tung) The Long March

• He is a peasant communist who survives Jiangs
  purges while thousands of others killed
• The Long March
• Mao 100,000 remaining communists flee to
  western China along the way 80,000 killed by
  Nationalist Army
• Mao leads the 6,000 mile march to Western China,
  while he commands guerilla forces to attack the
  Nationalists as the communist try to escape
  strengthens military skills and leadership
• China in WW II
• 1937 Japan invades Manchuria, which forces
  Nationalists and Communists to declare cease-fire
  in order to fight the foreign invaders
• For 8 years Japan ravishes China and the
  Nationalists, while the communist gain strength
  and the nationalist suffer the worst attacks of
  the Japanese army.
• WW II lasts until 1945 when civil war resumes.

(Ellis and Esler, 754)
8
Mao Tse-tung A.K.A The Chairman Mao The Great
Helmsman
(http//cache.viewimages.com/)
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The Long March

• Minus the 80,000 dead communists

(www.jeffooi.com)
10
The Long March
The Map
The tattoo!
11
Communists Triumph

• Civil War restarts at end of WW II, but
  Communists have won the support of the people
• Nationalist China suffered greatly in war with
  Japan
• Much Nationalist corruption revealed
• Results
• Mao and Communists win and set up Peoples
  Republic of China in 1949
• Jiang and Nationalist forced to flee to island of
  Taiwan
• CHINA IS A COMMUNIST COUNTRY !

(Ellis, 880)
12
Communist China and Nationalist Taiwan
13
Communist Victory!
(www.iisg.nl)
14
Benchmark WHII. 34

• Identify the political and economic upheavals in
  China after the Chinese Revolution
• Communist Party attempts to eliminate internal
  opposition
• The Great Leap Forward and its consequences
• The Cultural Revolution and its consequences
• The 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstrations
• China's economic modernization and growing
  involvement in world trade

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Eliminating the Opposition

• To protect communist control of China Mao
• Nationalized businesses (no private ownership)
• Encouraged peasants to kill land owners
  redistribute the land
• Created a one-party state (no political
  opposition)
• Outlawed traditional religious practices
• Built schools for everyone emphasized political
  education and praise for Mao Tse-tung
• Created a limited health care system
• Gave women equality under the law

(Ellis and Esler, 882)
16
The Great Leap Forward

• In 1958, a Mao plan was implemented to increase
  farm and industrial output
• It created communes a community in which
  property (houses, food, supplies) is held in
  common distributed in exchange for work
• The goal was to make China more efficient by
  creating production quotas (steel and other
  industrial materials) for communes
• People set up backyard industries (simple and
  basic factories) but produced low quality and
  often useless goods.
• FAILURE Not enough people were producing food,
  combine with bad weather harvests failed ?
  Massive famine where 30 Million peasants died in
  2 years

(Ellis and Esler, 882)
17
(jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com)
18
Famine n. 1. A drastic, wide-reaching food
shortage. 2. A drastic shortage a dearth. 3.
Severe hunger starvation.
30 million dead from hunger!
(http//cache.viewimages.com/)
19
The Cultural Revolution

• After the disaster of Great Leap Forward Mao
  feared a loss of loyalty in the government
• He created Great Proletarian Cultural
  Revolution designed to purge China of
  Bourgeois (upper class) tendencies
• The Little Red Book in order to spread ideas
  Mao wrote his thoughts on communism and life, he
  forces every person in China to carry one at all
  times
• Red Guards Chinese teenagers who were
  encouraged to create gangs and attack the
  counterrevolutionaries authority figures
  party leaders, teachers, writers artists

(Ellis and Esler, 883)
20
The Cultural Revolution Cont

• RESULTS Schools and Universities closed,
  millions lost their jobs, the economy slowed,
  civil unrest was high and the government
  struggled to keep control
• REACTION The Red Guards caused too much turmoil,
  Mao was forced to use the army to arrest them and
  send them to work on rural communes (large farms)
• ? Maos program is a failure, but he protects his
  image by ending the Cultural Revolution with his
  own forces He remains wildly popular until his
  death in 1976 despite his domestic troubles

(Ellis and Esler, 884)
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Propaganda!!!!
Burning the relics of upper class.
(www.4dham.com)
22
?? ?? zài jiàn doshi

• Translation
• Goodbye Comrade

(mike-servethepeople.blogspot.com.)
23
I hope they have Joy Divisions where he is
going.
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Do Now True or False

• Sun Yixian overthrew the Qing Dynasty and founded
  a communist republic in China.
• Jiang Jieshi helped expand communism when Sun
  died.
• Mao Zedong made his name by hunting down and
  killing communists on the Long March.
• WW II helps the communist gain popularity because
  the Nationalists are so badly beaten by the
  Japanese.
• The Great Leap Forward was a huge success and
  helped produce massive amounts of food for the
  Chinese population.
• The Cultural Revolution helped Mao spread his
  communist ideas and destroy the status of middle
  and upper class in China.

25
Changing Times in China

• After the death of Mao and under new leadership
  Chinese people began to seek greater political
  freedoms (more democracy)
• Centered in the capital Beijing, a movement of
  students workers began to support reform after
  watching the beginnings of democracy in E. Europe
  and USSR in the 1980s
• Chinas leaders were only willing to allow
  economic reforms ? refusing political reform
• RESULTS A growing economy with an unsatisfied
  population

(Ellis and Esler, 884)
26
Tiananmen Square Demonstration

• May 1989 a massive student protest calling for
  more political freedom began and occupied
  Tiananmen Sq. in Beijing
• Protestors built a massive statue called The
  Goddess of Democracy and made posters
  proclaiming Give us liberty or give us death!
  ? an extravagant and dedicated protest
• After a week the government led by Deng Xiaoping
  sent the army in to remove the protestors with
  deadly force tanks and soldiers attack - many
  were shot or beaten ? 1,000s killed wounded in
  full view of public
• RESULTS
• It proved Chinas leaders were determined to
  maintain control the preservation of social
  order became more important than political
  freedom or human rights
• It showed the international community that
  despite some reforms communist China was still
  intolerant of democracy and could not be
  completely trusted

27
Deng Xiaoping
Chinese Premier Responsible for the events at
Tiananmen Square
(www.paulnoll.com.)
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June 4, 1989 Tiananmen Square Beijing, China
(metaversed.com)
29
Modern China Its Trade

• In the last 10 years China has began a major
  economic revolution ? China is ranked 3rd in
  World Trade (stat.wto.org)
• It began with investing in infrastructure (roads
  R.R.) and continued with construction of
  textile factories and oil wells.
• China began to utilize natural resources (water,
  fossil fuels, and people/20 of worlds
  population) for industrial output
• Chinese secured trade agreements for food and oil
  and began investing in foreign markets ( Africa,
  Middle East, Australia)
• RESULTS ? An industrial Revolution??? Yeah!
  Heavily regulated by Government but with all the
  same problems.
• PROBLEMS creates inflation, large lower working
  class, negative environmental impacts

(Elliot)
30
(No Transcript)
31
Welcome to Modern China.
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Chinese people. Billions of them.
33
Lots and lots of cars.
34
Is all this what communism looks like????
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Summarizer Quiz

• Tiananmen Square
• Mao Tse-tung
• Sun Yat-sen
• Cultural Revolution
• The Long March
• Jiang Jeishi
• Taiwan
• Peoples Republic of China

• Founded in 1949
• Created the Kuomintang
• Major Battle in the Chinese Civil War
• Author of the Little Red Book
• Anti-Communist leader
• Nationalist China
• Designed to remove the upper class
• A protest for a more democratic China

36
??

• THE END

37
Works Cited

• China. 1 Jan. 2008. World Trade Organization. 22
  May 2008 ltstat.wto.org/countryprofiles/CN_e.htmgt.
• Elliot , Michael. "China Takes on the World."
  Time 11 Jan. 2007 10.
• Ellis, Elisabeth G., and Anthony Esler. World
  History Connections to Today. Upper Saddle
  River, NJ Prentice Hall, 1999.
• "Burning Buddha." Photo. www.4dham.com.21 May
  2008 lthttp//www.4dham.com/go2/People's_Republic_o
  f_China_files/Cultural_Revolution_Buddha_Burning.j
  pggt.
• "Chinese Food." Photo. blog.lib.umn.edu.21 May
  2008 lthttp//blog.lib.umn.edu/richlee/Thoughts/chi
  nese20food.jpggt.
• "Communist Victory." Photo. www.iisg.nl.19 May
  2008 lthttp//www.iisg.nl/landsberger/images/csp01
  .jpggt.
• "Commune." photo. jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.c
  om.18 May 2008 lthttp//jennifersaylor.files.wordpr
  ess.com/2007/12/commune.jpggt.
• Deng. photos. www.paulnoll.com. May 22 2008
  lthttp//www.paulnoll.com/China/Long-March/Long-Mar
  ch-Deng-Xiaoping.jpggt
• Great Wall of China." photo. National
  Geographic.18 May 2008 lthttp//www3.nationalgeogra
  phic.com/places/images/ga/china_great-wall-jinshan
  ling.jpggt.
• Jiang Jieshi." photo. 1 Apr. 2008.
  viewimages.com.20 May 2008 lthttp//cache.viewimage
  s.com/xc/3304267.jpg?v1cViewImagesk2dBAA3E6
  1C514E7EC6737502084A9179EAA55A1E4F32AD3138gt.