Independence Movements

1
Independence Movements

• China Civil War

2
Agenda 3/20/14

• Warm-up and Review Homework
• Quiz on World War II
• Notes on China Civil War
• Venn Diagram
• Homework- Reading Guide on Cold War
• Syrian Civil War

3
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)

• 1912 Nationalists overthrew the Qing dynasty
  which had ruled China since 1644
• 1912 Sun Yixian became the President of China
  (goals end to foreign control, democracy, and
  economic security for all Chinese) ineffective
  leader
• 1913 Yuan Shikai (a powerful general) became
  President of China ruled as a military dictator
  (sparked revolts throughout China period of
  instability)

4
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)

• May 4, 1919 (May Fourth Movement) After hearing
  about the Versailles Treaty, many students,
  workers, manufacturers, shopkeepers, and
  professionals protested Western
  influence/democracy in China and opted for
  Lenins brand of Soviet communism
• While the Communist Party was forming, Sun Yixian
  and his Nationalist Party set up a government in
  South China
• 1911 Revolution

5
Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)

• April 1927 Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists
  attacked the Communists in Shanghai
• 1928 Chiang Kai-shek became President of the
  Nationalist Republic of China
• 1927-1949 Civil War between Nationalists and
  Communists

6
(No Transcript)
7
Nationalists

• Leader - Chiang Kai-shek
• Area Ruled - Southern China
• Foreign Support - United States
• Public Support - Weak due to inflation and
  failing economy
• Military Organization - Ineffective, corrupt
  leadership and poor morale

8
Communists

• Leader - Mao Zedong
• Area Ruled - Northern China
• Foreign Support - Soviet Union
• Public Support - Strong due to promised land
  reform
• Military Organization - Experienced, motivated
  guerilla army

9
Two Chinas Emerge

• China had split into two nations Island of
  Taiwan (Nationalist China) and the Peoples
  Republic of China (mainland China)
• Chiang Kai-shek ruler of Nationalist China
• Mao Zedong ruler of Peoples Republic of China

10
Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)

• abandon the Soviet model of economic development
• peoples communes
• unrealistic output targets
• industry
• agricultural and human disaster
• Great Leap Forward

11
(No Transcript)
12
Cultural Revolution

• Maos goal was to get rid of privilege ruling
  class
• Mao issued reforms meant to erase all traces of
  Western Influence
• Cultural Revolution

13
Cultural Revolution

• Maos Little Red Book, a collection of teachings
  on communism, became a popular symbol of the
  Cultural Revolution
• The whole plan failed miserably in advancing
  China socially or economically

14
(No Transcript)
15
After Maos Death

• Xeng Diapong
• Took over after Maos Death
• Reformed Chinas economy to a market economy
• Continued communist control of government