Medieval Europe

1
Medieval EuropeThe Middle Ages
2
Why was this period referred to as The Middle
Ages?
3
It was the period between two very important
timesthe Fall of the Roman Empire and the
Renaissance.
In the middle The Middle Ages
Many people thought that nothing important
happened during this period. They were wrong!
4
How did the geography of Europe shape different
ways of life?
5
It influenced what crops people have grown
and where cities developed.
Mediterranean farmers grew hardy crops such as
olives in the dry, warm areas of southern Europe.
Cities grew along rivers such as the Rhine, so
people and goods could be moved easily.
Many people settled along the coasts, using
the sea for the resources they needed.


6
Northern Europe
Many people settled in towns along the rivers. In
the open fields around the cities, a variety
of crops were grown on the fertile soils. The
flat land made farming and transportation
easier, but it also had a major drawback.
What happened because there were no mountains?
7
INVASIONS!
There were no mountains in northern Europe for
protection against invaders. The most
frightening invaders of all were the Vikings from
Scandinavia. The Vikings could sail their
ships up rivers, so the raids werent limited to
the coastal areas. The attacks were swift and
savage, and Europeans lived in terror of Viking
raids.
8
Why did Feudalism begin?
9
For protection against invasions.

• Frankish kings were unable to defend their
  empire.
• Nobles had to defend their own lands because they
  couldnt depend on protection from the kings.
• To defend their lands, nobles hired knights,
  warriors who fought on horseback.

10
What was a knight who promised to support a lord
in exchange for land called?
11
A vassal. This was the heart of feudalism.
Land for service.
12
How did the medieval arts of Europe and Japan
differ?
13
They differed in theme.
Japanese art emphasized nature.
European art had a religious theme.
14
Popes and kings a power struggle.
What did Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV
argue about?
15
They fought over the power to appoint bishops.
Emperor Henry IV argued that kings should choose
bishops because God had chosen the king.
Pope Gregory VII believed popes not kings got
their power from God.
16
What was the goal of the Christian Crusades?
17
To retake the Holy Land from Muslim Turks.
Pope Urban called on Christians from all over
Europe to retake the Holy Land. Many fought
because they thought they would earn a place in
heaven.
18
How did the Crusades change Europe?

• Trade between Europe and Asia increased.
• Kings became more powerful.
• Tension between Christians, Jews, and Muslims
  grew.

19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)