Medieval Europe (500

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Medieval Europe (500 1500)
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• The Middle Ages or Medieval Europe is the 1,000
  year period after the fall of Rome and before the
  Renaissance.

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I. Geography

1. Europe is on the western end of Eurasia.

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• B. Natural Resources
• Dense forests
• Fertile soil
• Rich minerals
• Seas

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II. Causes
Tribal Warfare
No central govt
Dark Ages in W. Europe
Fall of Rome
Money is not used
Literacy declined
Greek Roman learning forgotten
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III. Germanic Tribes

• A. Farmers and herders
• 1. No written laws
• 2. Created small kingdoms

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Not these Franks!
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B. The Franks- most powerful in Gaul (France)
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• 1. Clovis
• 1st King of the Franks
• Allied (supported) with the Roman Catholic Church

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2. The Battle of Tours

• - In 732 CE, the Franks defeated the Muslims in
  Spain.

DONT WRITE THIS This could have changed European
history! Christians did not want Islam to spread
into Europe, even though they learned science and
math from Arab Muslims.
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C. Charlemagne (Charles the Great)

• 800 CE- king of the
• Franks
• 2. Pope Leo III named
• him Roman Emperor

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3. Legacy

• Blended and spread Christian, Roman and German
  culture
• Efficient govt (bureaucracy)

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• Set up schools

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Dont write this!

• Curriculums, or formal courses of study, included
  reading, grammar, math, music, and astronomy.

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Peace Out, Charlemagne!
Dont write this!

• When Charlemagne died in 814, his empire fell
  apart as his heirs fought over it.

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• 4. The Treaty of Verdun divided the empire.

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• 5. This became the Holy Roman Empire.

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Feudal Hierarchy
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Draw this in your notes! (the best you can)
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• Feudalism- A political system that exchanges land
  for military service.
• DONT WRITE THIS!
• Lords gradually became more powerful than kings
  as they acquired more land.

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I. Feudalism (Political)
King or lord Was required to give a fief (land)
Vassal Was required to give loyalty military
service
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II. Social

• Kings and Lords were at the top of the social
  hierarchy.

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• Knights- mounted warriors
• Chivalry- code of
• conduct for knights
• be brave, loyal, polite

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• By the 1100s, fighting declined so lords held
  tournaments (fake battles) to entertain people.

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• Serfs- peasants who worked the lords land
• They couldnt leave without permission
• They paid for the lords protection in food and
  labor (no ).

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• DONT WRITE THIS!
• Role of Women
• Noblewomen managed the household and were in
  change when men were away.
• Rights
• Received a limited inheritance
• Arranged marriages, expected to have many kids
• Few knew how to read and write
• Chivalry raised women to a new status. They were
  protected and cherished.

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III. Economic

• Manorialism- an economy where land, not money, is
  the basis of wealth

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• Manor- the lords estate including the town,
  peasant houses, church, and fields
• - It was self-sufficient, which slowed trade

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• Three-field system- two fields planted, one left
  fallow (empty) to regain fertility

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Remember

• Europe was isolated BUT, there were advanced
  civilizations in the Middle East, South Asia, and
  China!