Imperial China Qin to Ming Dynasties

1
Mongolian Steppes
2
Xinjiang Region Typical Uygher Mongol Yurt
3
Mongol Invasions
4
Mongol Warriors
5
Mongol Archer
6
Gold Saddle Arch Mongols, 13c
7
Gold Saddle, Front View Mongols, 13c
8
The MONGOLS Golden Horde

• Temujin --gt Genghis Khan Universal Ruler
• 1162 - 1227
• from the steppe dry, grass-covered plains of
  Central Asia

9
The MONGOLS Golden Horde

• Genghis Khans Tax Laws
• If you do not pay homage, we will take your
  prosperity.
• If you do not have prosperity, we will take your
  children.
• If you do not have children, we will take your
  wife.
• If you do not have a wife, we will take your
  head.
• Used cruelty as a weapon ? some areas never
  recovered from Mongol destruction!

10
Mongol Nobleman, late 13c
11
Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early 14c
12
Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c
13
The Extent of the Mongol Empire
14
Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.

• Kublai Khan r. 1260-1294
• Pax Mongolica Mongol Peace
• Tolerated Chinese culturebut lived apart from
  them. ?
• No Chinese in top govt. posts.
• Believed foreigner were moretrustworthy.
• Encouraged foreign trade foreign merchants to
  live and work in China.
• Marco Polo

15
Marco Polo (1254-1324)

• A Venetian merchant.
• Traveled through YuanChina 1271-1295
• Black Stones coal
• Gunpowder.
• Noodles.

16
Travels of Marco Polo
17
Marco Polos Travels
18
Yuan Porcelains Ceramics
19
Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.

• The Black Plague was spread by the Mongols in
  the mid-14c.
• Sent fleets against Japan.
• 1281 ? 150,000 warriors
• Defeated by kamikazi winds of the gods ?
• Kublai Khan experienced several humiliating
  defeats in Southeast Asia late in his life.

20
Japan

• Over 4,000 islands are claimed by Japan. Only
  600 have people living on them.
• Most people in Japan migrated from main land Asia
  in 3 migrations

21
Shintoism

• Early Japanese were influenced by Asian religions
  philosophies.
• Shinto The way of the Gods was an early
  Japanese religion mixing old new ideas.
• Based on respect if nature ancestors.
• Kami divine spirits that dwelled in nature

22
Chinese Influence

• Japanese leaders borrowed much from China
• Buddhism and Confucianism
• Writing style
• Gardening
• Painting style
• Tea Drinking

23
Feudal Japan

• Powerful landowners began amassing more power as
  central government declined.
• Chaos in the countryside led farmers to surrender
  land to warlords for protection.
• Warlords became wealthy and powerful
• Employed private armies of Samurai.

24
Samurai

• Warrior class who followed the Bushido code Way
  of the Warrior.
• 3-levels
• Shogun Military leader
• Daimyo Governor
• Samurai Noble
• Japanese Samurai similar to European Knights
  see chart on page 306

25
Feudal in Japan
26
Rise of the Shogun

• The Emperor was supreme ruler in Japan.
• Shogun was the real power behind the throne.
• Shoguns dictated domestic international policy.