Imperial China Collapses Ch. 14.3

1
Imperial China CollapsesCh. 14.3

• After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalist
  and Communist movements struggle for power.
• Opium Wars
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vjqjb2Y-k47o
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vAgqbInNM-8kfeatur
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2
The Qing Dynasty

• last ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912
• Chinese Dynasties date back 4,000 years
• The following is a list of Chinese Dynasties
• Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE - 1766 BCE
• Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE
• Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE plus suppliment
• Qin Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE
• Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD
• Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD
• Later Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD
• Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD - 280
  AD
• Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD
• Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD
• Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD
• Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD - 1368 AD
• Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD
• Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD

3
Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty

• A New Power
• In the early 1900s (20th century), many Chinese
  wanted change in China.
• - They resented foreign nations control of China
  (Imperialists)
• - Many Chinese wanted to modernize China
• KuomintangNationalist Party of Chinacalls for
  modernization an end to foreign control
• Sun Yixianfirst great leader of Nationalist
  Party
• In 1911, Sun Yixian led the Nationalists
  overthrow Qing dynasty

4
Shaky Start for the New Republic

• In 1912, Sun takes control as president
• Backs three principles 1.
  nationalism 2. democracy 3. economic
  security
• Sun did not have the backing of the military, so
  Sun turns the presidency over to Yuan Shikai
• Yuan Shikai betrays to democratic ideals of the
  revolution.
• No national agreement on rule civil war breaks
  out in 1916
• Warlords take control of territories as large as
  their armies could conquer

5
Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty

• World War I Spells More Problems
• China enters war against Germany hoping to gain
  land held by Germans
• Treaty of Versailles gives German colonies in
  China to Japan
• On May 4, 1919, angry students protest this
  agreement
• May Fourth Movementnationalist movement that
  spreads across China
• Many young nationalists turn against Sun Yixian

6
The Communist Party in China

• Rise of a New Leader
• Mao Zedonghelps form Chinese Communist Party in
  1921
• Lenin Befriends China
• In 1923, Lenin helps Nationalists, who agree to
  work with Communists
• Peasants Align with the Communists
• Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai Shek)Nationalist leader
  (Kuomintang) after Sun diesopposes communism
• Peasants see no gain for them in Jiangs plans,
  they back Communists

7
The Communist Party in China

• Nationalists and Communists Clash
• In 1927, Nationalists kill Communists, unionists
  in Shanghai
• In 1928, Jiang becomes president Communists
  resist his rule
• Civil War Rages in China between _________?
• Hostility Becomes War
• By 1930, civil war rages Mao recruits a peasant,
  guerrilla army

8
Civil War Rages in China

• The Long March
• In 1933, Jiangs huge army surrounds outnumbered
  Communists
• Long MarchCommunists 6,000-mile journey to
  safety in north
• Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000 survive the
  march, including Mao
• Civil War Suspended
• Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out
  invasion in 1937
• Nationalists and Communists join together to
  fight Japan
• footnote after WWII (1945), Communists and
  Nationalists resume their fighting.
• - In 1949, China becomes a Communist nation

9
The Communists Transform China

• Communists Claim a New Mandate of Heaven
• Chinese Communists organize national government
  and Communist Party
• Maos Brand of Marxist Socialism
• Mao takes property from landowners and divides it
  among peasants
• Government seizes private companies and plans
  production increase
• Little Red Book was published by the Government
  of the Peoples Republic of China from April 1964
  until approximately 1976. As its title implies,
  it is a collection of quotations excerpted from
  Maos past speeches and publications