The Qin and the Han Dynasties

1
The Qin and the Han Dynasties

• Chapter 7.3

2
Objectives

• 6.35 List the policies and achievements of the
  emperor Shi Huang and explain how these
  contributed to the unification of northern China
  under the Qin Dynasty and the construction of the
  Great Wall of China. (H, P)
• 6.36 Detail the political contributions of the
  Han Dynasty and determine how they contributed to
  the development of the imperial bureaucratic
  state and the expansion of the empire. (H, P)
• 6.37 Cite the significance of the trans-Eurasian
  silk roads in the period of the Han Dynasty and
  Roman Empire and their locations. (E, G, H)
• 6.38 Describe the diffusion of Buddhism northward
  to China during the Han Dynasty

3
The Qin Emperor

• Qin controlled China from the Huang He to the
  Chang Jiang
• Qin Shihuangdi means the First Qin Emperor

4
How Did Qin Change China?

• Qin wanted to strengthen and unify China
• Ruled with absolute control and punishment
• Anyone who disagreed was punished and killed
• Writings that displeased Qin were burned

5
Qin created currency or money
6
Writing system

• Simplified and set rules for writing system

7
Shi Huangdis tomb

• In March of 1974, Chinese peasants digging a well
  near Xi'an in the central province of Shaanxi
  found some unusual pottery fragments. Then,
  deeper down at eleven feet, they unearthed a head
  made of terra cotta (baked earth or clay). They
  notified the authorities and excavation of the
  site began immediately. To date, workers have dug
  up about eight thousand sculpted clay soldiers,
  and the site has proved to be one of the greatest
  archaeological discoveries of all time.

8
Terra Cotta Soldiers
9
Grand Canal

• Shi Huangdi built a canal that connected Chang
  Jiang ito the Guangzhou in Southern China

10
Why was the Great Wall Built?

• To keep out invaders

11
The Great Wall Facts

• The Great Wall of China was built over about 2000
  years by several different Chinese emperors,
  starting in BC 475, to protect the people from
  their enemies, the Huns.
• Facts about building and the construction of the
  great wall of china.
• The Wall is a unique structure that is
  considered one of the seven wonders of the world.
  It snakes through the mountains of China for
  4,500 miles. That's longer than the distance
  across from New York to California by about 1,000
  miles!Many small walls were constructed by
  multiple Chinese emperors. Most of these small
  walls no longer exist as they were revamped
  during the Ming Dynasty, between 1368 and 1644
  A.D., while much of the rest of the world was
  still developing. The Ming Dynasty's
  rebuilding made it more elaborate with
  watchtowers, battlements and cannons. Leading the
  great wall to additional protection of the
  people.
• The Great Wall is 25 feet tall and 15-30 feet
  wide. That's wide enough for two cars to drive
  on! The facts show many people worked to build
  the Great Wall of China. Ancient records show
  that more than 300,000 soldiers and 500,000
  commoners worked to build it. That's about the
  same as the population of San Francisco!Buildin
  g the wall was hard work. Some of it was in very
  hot weather and some in the bitter cold. In the
  earliest stages, builders rammed earth and stone
  into the walls. But in the Ming Dynasty they used
  bricks, limestone and tiles, as well.
• http//www.airpano.ru/files/China-Great-Wall/2-2
• http//www.panoramas.dk/7-wonders/great-wall.html

12
The End of Qin Rule

• Qin boasted that his dynasty would rule China
  forever
• Both aristocrats and farmers revolted against
  harsh Qin rule

13
Han Rulers

• In 202 B.C. Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty
• Liu Bang was a farmer turned soldier
• Started the Han Dynasty that lasted 400 years

14
Han Wudi

• Ruled from 141 B.C.-87 B.C.
• Recruited people for civil service
• People were chosen on the basis of competitive
  tests
• Raised the quality of government
• Favored the rich-only rich could afford education

15
Education

• Han created schools
• Studied law, history, and ideas of Confucius
• Well respected because of education

16
The Empire Expands

• Population rose to 60 million
• Farmers sold land and became tenant farmers
• Han Empire took new territory
• Conquered Korea, Southeast Asia, northern India
• Chinese had peace for 150 years

17
Han Culture

• Ideas of Confucius gained influence
• Filial piety became strong
• Stability of government strengthen family ties

18
Chinese Inventions

• Cast-iron plow

19
Waterwheels

• Millers invented waterwheels to grind grain

20
Wheelbarrow

• Wheelbarrow-used to carry heavy material

21
Silk Manufacturing
22
Paper

• Paper used for wrapping and writing

23
Toilet Paper

• Also invented toilet paper

24
Rudder

• Rudder and the wind a new way to move the sails
  of ships
• With these inventions, ships could sail against

25
Medical Advances

• Certain foods prevented disease
• Used herbs to treat illnesses

26
Acupuncture

• Acupuncture-relieved pain by piercing patients
  skin at vital points with thin needles
• Renews the body by increasing flow of energy

27
On the Silk Road

• During the Han period, Chinese traders grew rich

28
New Contacts with the West

• Chinas trade increased as a result of
  exploration
• Zhang Qian explored areas west of China
• Found horses
• Han Wudi wanted horses for soldiers
• In exchange for horses, Chinese traded silk

29
Trade expands

• Silk road was not one road. It was a network of
  trade routes
• 4,000 miles long
• Stretched from China to Mediterranean Sea

30
Goods Traded

• Horses, silk, spices, fruits, vegetables,
  flowers, and grains, peaches, pears, cotton,
  paper etc
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vvfe-eNq-Qyg

31
Buddhism Reaches China

• Silk Road spread knowledge, culture, and
  religions.
• Buddhism spread along Silk Road from India to
  China

32
Why Did the Han Dynasty Collapse?

• Weak and dishonest emperors
• Corrupt officials
• People began to rise up and rebel against Han
  rulers
• Civil war divided China
• Remained divided for 400 years

33
Buddhism Wins Followers

• Civil War frightened many Chinese
• Many people turned to Buddhist ideas
• Followers of Confucius and Daoists admired
  Buddhist ideas
• By A.D. 400s Buddhism became one of Chinas major
  religions