Mini History of Religion Lecture

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Mini History of Religion Lecture

• If this seems familiar.thank a Sunday-School
  teacher!

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2000 BCE

• Abraham, Sarah, and family left the Sumerian
  city-state of Ur.
• Settled in Palestine
• Biblical account of the beginnings of Jewish
  people.

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Monotheists

• Jews worship ONE God

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1300-1200 BCE

• Moses Ten Commandments
• Gods Chosen People
• Torah Five Books of Moses
• Old Testament (Bible) Written

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-0- Give or take..

• Jesus is born
• A Jew
• A Roman Subject
• Begins ministry _at_ 30
• 3 years wandering prophet/teacher
• Message Love God and Love each other
• Appealed to poor all equal in Gods eyes

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His Death

• Arrested for blasphemy and plotting to kill Roman
  king
• Sentenced to death by crucification

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His Disciples

• After death, his teachings were spread by his
  disciples
• Preached in Jewish synagogues

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Saint Paul

• Jewish man Saul
• Has a religious experience
• Hears the voice of Jesus
• Changes name to Paul
• Declares Christianity open to all (not just Jews)

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Major World Religion!

• Allows Christianity to become a major World
  religion, instead of a minor Jewish sect.

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200 CE Who da Pope?

• Around 10 of Roman Empire was Christian by 200.
• Petrine doctrine
• Peter 1st Bishop of Rome
• Peter singled out by Jesus
• Peter the 1st Pope

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Roman Emperor Constantine

• Ends persecution of Christians
• Edict of Milan
• Moves capital from Rome to Byzantium (Turkey)
• 1st split in the Christian Church

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Christian Churches before the Reformation

• Rome (West)
• Latin
• Priest cant marry
• Led by Pope
• Pope claimed to be the true leader of all
  Christians

• Constantinople (East)
• Local languages
• Priest can marry
• Led by patriarch (submitted to emperor)
• Refused to acknowledge Pope as leader

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1054 Final Split

• Pope and patriarch excommunicated each other!
• West Roman Catholic Church
• East Eastern Orthodox Church

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Middle Ages

• Popes and Roman Catholic Church becomes VERY
  strong.
• No central government to share power with.

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1303-1417 Power of Papacy Declines

• Pope Boniface VIII
• Tries to prevent Philip IV (France) from taxing
  church property
• Fails
• Orders Unam Sanctam (Papal Bull)
• Pope 1
• Kings 2
• Philip tries to kidnap Pope
• Pope escapes, but dies a month later

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Philip IV

• Pressured Pope Clement V
• To move to Avignon
• Captures the papacy for 67 years!
• 7 Popes will live in Avignon
• Damaged papal prestige
• Improved status of kings
• Hurts Romes tourist trade
• Christians urge Popes to return to Rome

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1377 Pope Gregory XI

• Returns papal court to Romethen he dies
• Elected Roman Pope Urban VI
• Reforms lead to enemies
• Cardinals elect a new Pope Clement VII
• Clement sets up shop inAvignon

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TWO POPES ARE NOT BETTER THAN ONE!!!
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The Great Schism 1378-1417

• URBAN (Pope)
• England
• German City-State (Holy Roman Empire)

• CLEMENT (anti-Pope)
• France
• Scotland
• Aragon and Castile
• Portugal

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Effects

• Greatly weakened the Church!
• Confused the common people.
• Encouraged extreme groups.

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John Wycliffe

• English theologian
• 1329-1384
• Popes power not in Scriptures
• SCRIPTURES RULE
• Abolish worship of saints, pilgrimages,
  pluralism absenteeism
• READ BIBLE!!!
• Strip church of property

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Lollards

• Followers of Wycliffe
• Allowed women to preach
• They influenced.

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John Hus

• Professor at the University of Prague
• Spread Wycliffes ideas

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1409 Council of Pisa

• Deposed both popes and elected another
• NOW THREE POPES!!!

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Council at Constance

• German emperor Sigismund calls
• Three goals
• End schismdid this by electing Pope Martin V
• Reform church.not done
• Wipe out heresy
• Condemned Lollard ideas
• BURNED HUS!!!

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Condition of the Church 1400-1517

• Poor Parish Priests Vulgarized religion
• Early 16th Century complaints
• 1. Clerical immorality
• 2. Clerical ignorance
• 3. Clerical pluralism and absenteeism
• Call for administrative, not doctrinal reform!

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Church was still GOING STRONG

• Brethren of the Common Life (Holland)
• Simple lifestyle -Gospel teaching
• Charity -Scholarship
• Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis
• Christ as model.
• Oratories of Divine Love (Italy)
• -Priest in active ministry
• -Founding hospitals and orphanages

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All Classes Remained Faithful!

• Pope Julius II
• Called Lateran Council
• Higher standards of education for clergy and
  common people
• Eliminate corruption
• Doctrinal reforms too

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And then..MARTIN LUTHER