HIST 2509 A History of Germany

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HIST 2509 A History of Germany

• Lecture 11-1
• Nationhood, But National Unity?

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Announcement

• Thursday Workshop on Effi Briest (last name
  A-L) next Tuesday same (K-Z)
• -mini-lecture Bourgeois Society in Wilhelmine
  Germany followed by workshop
• -come with notes one paragraph synopsis of
  novella -- to be handed in for participation
  credit

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Todays Main Themes

• Reactions to Jewish Emancipation
• So-called Verjüdung of society
• From religious to cultural and finally racial
  anti-Semitism in late 19th century -- why?

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• We were so German
• We were so assimilated
• We were so middle class
• 1933 600,000 population or 1

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Jewish Population by 1933
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Assimilation and conversion Heinrich
Heine (1797-1896)
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More German than the Germans

• -examples?
• -family, respect for law and order
• -reverence for education
• -morality and respectability
• -in 1930s memoir quoting Goethe at every meal

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Reich Association of Jewish War Veterans placard
1920
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Why Such Outsiders?

• -historic isolation -- Judengasse to Judenviertel
• -Teutomania and German nationalism
• no fatherland and no interest in ours
• -fear of mongrelization of German ways

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Why Such Outsiders?

• -equation of Jews with liberalism and liberal
  ideas -- Hep Hep Riots of 1819 and 1848
  revolution
• -what does it mean to be German? (religion,
  masculinity, family)

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Emancipation and its Discontents

• With greater assimilation and emancipation -- new
  definitions to mark outsider status
• Emergence of racial discourse in late 19th
  century

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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• the Emancipation Edict of April 1871
• -full citizenship rights no more oaths
• -no longer need for conversion
• -could keep names
• -access to free professions
• -access to university education

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Jewish presence in middle-class occupations by
1933
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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• b. Verjüdung of society? (very bottom)
• - judeification, Richard Wagner 1850

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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• c. political, social, cultural integration
• -Industrial Revolution and changing society
• -no longer Schnorrer (sponger)
• and Betteljude (beggars)

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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• c. political, economic, social, and cultural
  integration
• -enterprise, banking, commerce Deutsche Bank
• -Georg von Siemens and Ludwig Bamberger
• -Gerson von Blankröder

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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• c. political, economic, social, and cultural
  integration
• -publishing Rudolf Mosse
• Berliner Tageblatt

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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• c. political, economic, social, and cultural
  integration
• -business Albert Ballins
• Hamburg-Amerika Line

Ballin with Kaiser Wilhelm II
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By 1914, worlds largest shipping line
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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• c. political, economic, social, and cultural
  integration
• -business department stores
• -Tietz, Wertheim, KaDe,We
• -boycotts in 1933

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I. Emancipation in Real Terms

• d. integration, and then some more German than
  the Germans
• -Bildung (education) and Sittlichkeit (morality)
• -Siegfried, Hedwig, and Helga
• -Juedische Frauenbund (Jewish Womens
  Association)
• - three day Jews
• -synagogues and cemeteries, Weissensee in Berlin

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II. Political Anti-Semitism

• Adolf Stoecker, Christian Social Workers Party
• Wilhelm Marr, The Victory of the Jews 1879
• Heinrich von Treitschke, University of Berlin
• Anti-Semites Petition, 1880
• Theodor Mommsen moderation

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III. The Rise of Science