10th American History

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10th American History

• American History
• Unit II Becoming a World Power
• Chapter 7 Section 1- The Lure of Imperialism

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The Lure of Imperialism

• The Main Idea
• The United States entered the imperialist
  competition later than the European powers but
  soon extended its influence in the Pacific
  region.
• Reading Focus
• What inspired the imperialist activity of the
  late 1800s?
• How did the United States take control of
  Hawaii?
• How did the United States gain influence in
  China?
• How did the United States exert influence in
  Japan?

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Several industrialized nations competed to gain
territory throughout the world.

• The Industrial Revolution had increased wealth in
  many nations, causing them to look elsewhere for
  markets and opportunities for investment.
• An increase in trade had brought about the rise
  of large navies to protect trading interests.
  These navies needed strategically placed bases
  for refueling and repairs.
• Ideologies such as Social Darwinism justified
  European expansion into Asia, Africa, and Latin
  America.

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The Imperialist Powers

• The Imperialists
• Great Britain
• France
• Belgium
• Germany
• Japan

• Ideology
• Nationalism, or love of ones country
• Social Darwinism, a belief in the cultural
  superiority of western nations over less
  industrially developed nations
• Christian missionaries sought to convert
  believers of other faiths.

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Imperialist Activity

• Imperialism Extending a nations power over
  other lands.
• Causes of U.S. Expansionism
• Economic- Desire for new markets and raw
  materials
• Military- Desire for naval bases and coaling
  stations.
• Ideological- desire to bring Christianity,
  western-style culture and democracy to other
  peoples.
• Scramble for territory- 1800s
• European powers- Africa, Asia and dominating the
  economy of Latin America
• America believed it was its manifest destiny to
  expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, and now
  people sought lands even further west.

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Imperialist Activity

• What inspired the imperialist activity of the
  late 1800s?
• What motivated industrialized nations to expand?
• How do you rank the three reasons for
  imperialistic expansion?

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Alaska

• Russian Fur traders
• After 1799- Russian, British and American fur
  traders.
• 1867- Sea Otters growing scarce and Russia
  recovering from Crimean War offers to sell Alaska
  to U.S.
• Sec. of State William Seward was eager to buy.
  Potential of fur, timber, and metals.
• Sewards Icebox and Sewards Folly- bought
  for 7.2 million.

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Taking Control of Hawaii

• British explorer James Cook first visited Hawaii
  in 1778.
• Hawaii was ideally located for coaling stations
  and bases for ships trading between the U.S. and
  Asia.
• American missionaries and others came to Hawaii
  and raised crops, particularly sugarcane.
• The sugar industry grew and gained influence and
  control.
• King Kalakaua negotiated a treaty that made
  Hawaiian sugar cheap to import to the United
  States.
• Sugar planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani with
  the help of the U.S. marines.
• Sugar tycoon Sanford Dole became president of the
  Republic of Hawaii.
• Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.

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Influence in Hawaii

• Early Contact
• British in 1778
• Chief Kamehameha- united eight islands and
  established a kingdom.
• Americans arrive- traders and missionaries.
• Foreigners brought diseases.
• Sugar cane and power
• Investors in the Sugar Cane industry began to
  increase their control and their profits.
  Sanford B. Dole.
• King Kalakaua got a treaty in 1875 to allow
  Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. tax free and make it
  the cheapest sugar.

Kamehameha designed a fleet of war canoes called
peleleu and were mounted with guns for his
conquest of the Hawaiian Islands.
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Taking Control of Hawaii

• Plotting against the king and the end of the
  monarchy
• Hawaiian League- secret organization to overthrow
  the king and establish democracy- American
  business leaders, planters and traders.
• Bayonet constitution- forced on King Kalakaua- he
  lost power, his people couldnt vote and Pearl
  Harbor went to the Americans.
• Sugar treaty rejected
• Queen Liliuokalani- planned to restore power of
  the monarchy.
• 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines surround palace and
  Queen surrenders.
• Sanford B. Dole, sugar tycoon, chosen as
  president and Hawaii declared to be under U.S.
  protection.
• Annexation- Not all presidents were in favor of
  this. McKinley would vote for it . Hawaii
  become U.S. territory and finally state in 1959.

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Taking Control of Hawaii

• Why was Hawaii an ideal acquisition for the
  United States?
• In what ways did Captain James Cooks visit to
  Hawaii have both good and bad results?
• How did American Businessmen, traders and
  planters protect their economic interests in
  Hawaii?
• Why was ceding Pearl Harbor to the U.S. so
  significant?
• What do you think Quieen Liliuokalani could have
  done to save her kingdom?

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The Open Door Policy gives the United States an
equal footing in China.

• European powers gained spheres of influence in
  China.
• The United States feared it would be shut out of
  the valuable China trade.
• Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open
  Door Policy, giving all nations equal trading
  rights in China.
• Increased foreign presence in China led to the
  Boxer Rebellion.
• Western nations cooperated to quell the
  rebellion and continue exploitation of Chinese
  trade.

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Influence in China

• Before 1842 Foreigners were only allowed to trade
  in Guangzhou.
• 1842- British force China to open 5 ports and for
  the next 50 years foreigners overran the country.
• Spheres of Influence- Japan, Russia, France,
  Germany, and Great Britain (U.S. too late)
• U.S. Sec. of State John Hay proposed the Open
  Door Policy in 1899- all nations have equal
  trading rights. No one really rejected it so he
  announced it as being approved.
• Boxer Rebellion-
• Secret society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists-
  Boxers. Attacked foreigners and Missionaries
• 20,000 foreign troops rushed in (2,000 American)
• China forced to sign settlement agreement

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Open Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion- 328 min.
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Influence in China

• How did the Boxer Rebellion ultimately help the
  United States?
• What motivated the Boxers to attack foreigners in
  Beijing?
• What affect did the Open Door Policy have on
  China?

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Diplomacy and naval superiority help the U.S.
gain influence in Japan.

• Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the
  mid-1800s.
• Commodore Matthew Perry brought four steamships
  into Tokyo Bay in 1853 to pressure Japan to open
  its ports to trade.
• Japan quickly became an industrial and military
  power to compete with the West.

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Opening Japan (0149)
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Forbidden Entry (0701)
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Influence in Japan

• 1853- Commodore Matthew Perry sent to get trade
  treaty with Japan. Japanese awed by U.S. naval
  strength- Treaty of Kanagwa 1854.
• Japanese modernization
• Japan seized Taiwan in 1895.

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Influence in Japan

• Why did the Russo-Japanese War begin?
• How did Japan become a world power?

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Russo-Japanese War

• Desire by both Japan and Russia to develop
  'spheres of influence' in the Far East, mainly at
  the expense of China.
• Japan knew that they could not win a long war
  fought over a vast expanse, but they could win a
  short localized war.
• Through the mediation of U.S. President Theodore
  Roosevelt peace was made in September at
  Portsmouth, N.H.1905
• The Portsmouth Treaty ended the Russo-Japanese
  War. Russia had suffered severe defeats and
  Japan was in financial difficulties.
• The disastrous outcome of the war for Russia was
  one of the immediate causes of the Russian
  Revolution of 1905.
• Japan gained the position of a world power,
  becoming the first non-European and non-American
  imperialist modern state.
• Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize.

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Root-Takahira Agreement- 1905

• A pledge to maintain the status quo in the Far
  East. Japan would be allowed to annex Korea, and
  pursue interests in Manchuria
• Recognition of China's independence and
  territorial integrity, and support for
  continuation of the Open Door policy
• An agreement to mutual consultation in the event
  of future Far Eastern crises. Japan will not
  meddle with U.S. colonies in the Pacific.
• T. Roosevelt sends the Great White Fleet of 16
  battleships on a 43,000 mile 2 year trip around
  the world in 1907. Stopped at 20 points on six
  continents. Cant let the Japanese think we are
  weak.