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Myxini

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Title: Myxini


1
Myxini
By Jenni Olson
  • The Jawless Vertebrates

2
Main Characteristics
  • Jawless vertebrates
  • Cartilaginous skeleton
  • Notocord persists through life
  • Marine
  • Lack paired appendages

3
Examples
  • Hagfishes
  • About 60 other species of fishes

4
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
  • A CHORDATE
  • (by Colette Carpenter)

5
CHARACTERISTICS
  • Notochord (longitudinal, flexible rod located
    between the gut and nerve cord)
  • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
  • Pharyngeal slits
  • Muscular postanal tail (a tail that extends
    beyond the anus)
  • Eg. Lampreys

6
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
  • Marine and freshwater
  • Adhesive sucker
  • Larvae suspension feeders
  • Adults parasitic or nonfeeding

7
What It Looks Like
  • Diagram 1shows cross section through the pharynx
    of an ammocoete
  • Diagram 2 posterior region showing the external
    features of the ammocoete
  • Diagram 3Anterior region showing the external
    features of the ammocoete
  • Diagram 4 External features of the ammocoete
  • Diagram 5 External features of the ammocoete

8
Interesting Tidbits
  • Paleontologists have found fossilized
    invertebrates resembling cephalochordates that
    are about 545 million years old (about 50 million
    years older than the known vertebrates)
  • Most zoologists think that the ancestor of
    vertebrates was a suspension-feeder similar to a
    cephalochordate, with all four of the fundamental
    chordate characteristics.

9
Chondrichthyes
  • The vertebrate class of cartilaginous fish
    represented by sharks and their relatives.

10
Characteristics
  • Skeleton made of cartilage
  • Jaws
  • Paired Fins
  • Paired nostrils

11
Examples
  • Hammerheads (Sphymids)

(Oops, this is a shark, not a hammerhead!)
12
Examples
  • Brown Sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus)

13
OSTEICHTHYES
  • TONS OF SMELLY FISH

By Adam Curtis
14
Basic Anatomy
15
Perch
I am a perch
16
Crappie
  • Hello my name is Crappie and I am an Osteichthyes

17
Lung fish
  • Note the evolution in my flippers

18
We Are Bony!
19
AmphibiansUrodeles-Salamanders (retain tails as
adults and most are aquatic, but some live on
land as adults.)
  • Characteristics
  • Amphibians are vertebrates-have a backbone- and
    are able to live in both aquatic and terrestrial
    habitats.
  • Skin-is moist and soft allowing them to absorb
    water and oxygen-skin does not provide much
    protection from dehydration and therefore the
    animals need to stay in a moist environment.
  • Cold-blooded-meaning they are about the same
    temperature as their environment.
  • Amphibians are able to hibernate in cold or
    temperate regions, they also can go into an
    inactive state called aestivation, when the temp
    is high and the humidity is low.

20
Amphibians Anurans-Frogs (tailless as adults and
are more adapted for living on land than
Urodeles.)
  • Characteristics
  • Mobility-Amphibians get around by jumping,
    climbing or running, some species that are
    limbless crawl.
  • Most species have four limbs.
  • Food and eating-Most amphibians use their long
    flexible tongues to capture their prey and
    swallow whole.
  • Three classes of amphibians are Urodeles,
    Anurans and Apodans
  • Third class of amphibians are the
    Apodans-Caecilians ( legless and inhabit tropical
    areas)

21
VertebratesAmphibia
Amphibians- vertebrate class of amphibians
represented by frogs, salamanders and caecilians.
By Bonnie Anderson BIOL 1107
22
Main Characteristics
  • Appendages adapted for life on land
  • Aquatic larvae metamorphosing into terrestrial
    adult
  • May lay eggs or give birth to young
  • Respiration through lungs and skin

23
Early Amphibians
  • Ancestors of tetrapods may have resembled a
    lobe-finned fish w/lungs (p.641)
  • Oldest fossil found about 365 million years ago

24
Three Extant Orders of Amphibians
25
  • Urodela400 species, some entirely aquatic,
    others on land and walk side-to-side (swagger of
    early tetrapods)
  • Anura nearly 3,500 species more specialized
    for land, skin glands of frogs secrete
    distasteful, even poisonous, mucus- ex. Poison
    Arrow frog
  • Apoda about 150 species, nearly blind, resemble
    earthworms

26
In General
  • Maintain close ties with water
  • Fertilization- mostly external
  • Eggs lack a shell dehydrate quickly in dry air
  • Eggs kept in swamps/ponds
  • Male/female may incubate eggs on back, in mouth,
    even in stomach (depending on species)

27
What makes a Reptile a Reptile?
  • By Nathan McLean

28
Lungs
  • For the purpose of gas exchange (Oxygen/Carbon
    Dioxide)

29
Scales
  • Water retention
  • Water proofing

30
Fertilization
  • Occurs internally
  • Embryo is secreted in egg
  • (with shell)

31
Cold blooded
  • Body temperature maintained through behavioral
    patterns rather than body metabolism.

32
Reptilian Examples
  • Snakes
  • Rattlesnake, Cottonmouth
  • Turtles
  • Box Turtle
  • Lizards
  • Alligators and Crocodiles

33
Summary
  • Lungs
  • Scales
  • Fertilization
  • Cold Blooded

34
Class Mammalia
Lorelei Swenson Biology 1107
35
Mammalia
-have hair -born not hatched -placenta -internal
fertilization
36
-active metabolism -endothermic -Efficient
respiratory system -Circulatory system
37
-Diaphragm -Layer of fat under skin -Generally
larger brain
38
-Capable learners -Long parental care -Teeth in
variety of shapes and sizes -Embryo develops in
uterus
39
Aves
  • Tetrapods with feathers
  • Wings (forelimbs)
  • Respiratory sytem lungs
  • Endothermic
  • Internal fertilization
  • Shelled eggs
  • Acute vision
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