Title: Myxini
1Myxini
By Jenni Olson
2Main Characteristics
- Jawless vertebrates
- Cartilaginous skeleton
- Notocord persists through life
- Marine
- Lack paired appendages
3Examples
- Hagfishes
- About 60 other species of fishes
4CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
- A CHORDATE
- (by Colette Carpenter)
5CHARACTERISTICS
- Notochord (longitudinal, flexible rod located
between the gut and nerve cord) - Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
- Pharyngeal slits
- Muscular postanal tail (a tail that extends
beyond the anus) - Eg. Lampreys
6CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
- Marine and freshwater
- Adhesive sucker
- Larvae suspension feeders
- Adults parasitic or nonfeeding
7What It Looks Like
- Diagram 1shows cross section through the pharynx
of an ammocoete - Diagram 2 posterior region showing the external
features of the ammocoete - Diagram 3Anterior region showing the external
features of the ammocoete - Diagram 4 External features of the ammocoete
- Diagram 5 External features of the ammocoete
8Interesting Tidbits
- Paleontologists have found fossilized
invertebrates resembling cephalochordates that
are about 545 million years old (about 50 million
years older than the known vertebrates) - Most zoologists think that the ancestor of
vertebrates was a suspension-feeder similar to a
cephalochordate, with all four of the fundamental
chordate characteristics.
9Chondrichthyes
- The vertebrate class of cartilaginous fish
represented by sharks and their relatives.
10Characteristics
- Skeleton made of cartilage
- Jaws
- Paired Fins
- Paired nostrils
11Examples
(Oops, this is a shark, not a hammerhead!)
12Examples
- Brown Sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus)
13OSTEICHTHYES
By Adam Curtis
14Basic Anatomy
15Perch
I am a perch
16Crappie
- Hello my name is Crappie and I am an Osteichthyes
17Lung fish
- Note the evolution in my flippers
18We Are Bony!
19AmphibiansUrodeles-Salamanders (retain tails as
adults and most are aquatic, but some live on
land as adults.)
- Characteristics
- Amphibians are vertebrates-have a backbone- and
are able to live in both aquatic and terrestrial
habitats. - Skin-is moist and soft allowing them to absorb
water and oxygen-skin does not provide much
protection from dehydration and therefore the
animals need to stay in a moist environment. - Cold-blooded-meaning they are about the same
temperature as their environment. - Amphibians are able to hibernate in cold or
temperate regions, they also can go into an
inactive state called aestivation, when the temp
is high and the humidity is low.
20Amphibians Anurans-Frogs (tailless as adults and
are more adapted for living on land than
Urodeles.)
- Characteristics
- Mobility-Amphibians get around by jumping,
climbing or running, some species that are
limbless crawl. - Most species have four limbs.
- Food and eating-Most amphibians use their long
flexible tongues to capture their prey and
swallow whole. - Three classes of amphibians are Urodeles,
Anurans and Apodans - Third class of amphibians are the
Apodans-Caecilians ( legless and inhabit tropical
areas)
21VertebratesAmphibia
Amphibians- vertebrate class of amphibians
represented by frogs, salamanders and caecilians.
By Bonnie Anderson BIOL 1107
22Main Characteristics
- Appendages adapted for life on land
- Aquatic larvae metamorphosing into terrestrial
adult - May lay eggs or give birth to young
- Respiration through lungs and skin
23Early Amphibians
- Ancestors of tetrapods may have resembled a
lobe-finned fish w/lungs (p.641) - Oldest fossil found about 365 million years ago
24Three Extant Orders of Amphibians
25- Urodela400 species, some entirely aquatic,
others on land and walk side-to-side (swagger of
early tetrapods) - Anura nearly 3,500 species more specialized
for land, skin glands of frogs secrete
distasteful, even poisonous, mucus- ex. Poison
Arrow frog - Apoda about 150 species, nearly blind, resemble
earthworms
26In General
- Maintain close ties with water
- Fertilization- mostly external
- Eggs lack a shell dehydrate quickly in dry air
- Eggs kept in swamps/ponds
- Male/female may incubate eggs on back, in mouth,
even in stomach (depending on species)
27What makes a Reptile a Reptile?
28Lungs
- For the purpose of gas exchange (Oxygen/Carbon
Dioxide)
29Scales
- Water retention
- Water proofing
30Fertilization
- Occurs internally
- Embryo is secreted in egg
- (with shell)
-
31Cold blooded
- Body temperature maintained through behavioral
patterns rather than body metabolism.
32Reptilian Examples
- Snakes
- Rattlesnake, Cottonmouth
- Turtles
- Box Turtle
- Lizards
- Alligators and Crocodiles
33Summary
- Lungs
- Scales
- Fertilization
- Cold Blooded
34Class Mammalia
Lorelei Swenson Biology 1107
35Mammalia
-have hair -born not hatched -placenta -internal
fertilization
36-active metabolism -endothermic -Efficient
respiratory system -Circulatory system
37-Diaphragm -Layer of fat under skin -Generally
larger brain
38-Capable learners -Long parental care -Teeth in
variety of shapes and sizes -Embryo develops in
uterus
39Aves
- Tetrapods with feathers
- Wings (forelimbs)
- Respiratory sytem lungs
- Endothermic
- Internal fertilization
- Shelled eggs
- Acute vision